You match developmental age, safety, and family teaching instead of treating the child as a small adult. Five of the 15 questions include the correct answer and rationale. The other ten keep answers in the study hub. Continue with the LPN exams exam guide or more LPN exams practice questions.
Five pediatrics questions with answers
Cover the key. Write the first action. Then open the rationale and name why the other choices fail.
Question 1
During an assessment of a 12-hour-old newborn, the nurse notices pale pink spots on the nape of the neck. How does the nurse document this finding?
A. nevus vasculosus
B. Mongolian spots
C. nevus flammeus
D. telangiectatic nevi
Show answer and rationale
Correct answer: D — telangiectatic nevi
The correct answer is D: telangiectatic nevi. These are also known as "stork bites" or "angel kisses." The rationale for this choice is that telangiectatic nevi are pale pink spots commonly found on the nape of the neck in newborns, which typically fade over time.
A: Nevus vasculosus is a different type of birthmark characterized by a red or purple color due to an overgrowth of blood vessels.
B: Mongolian spots are bluish-gray birthmarks usually found on the lower back or buttocks.
C: Nevus flammeus, also known as a port-wine stain, presents as a flat, pink, or red mark on the skin.
In summary, the correct answer, telangiectatic nevi, is the most appropriate choice based on the description of the finding on the newborn's nape of the neck, while the other options describe different types of birthmarks with distinct characteristics.
Question 2
What term best describes an infant born with a birth weight below the 10th percentile for gestational age?
A. Appropriate for gestational age
B. Failure to thrive
C. Small for gestational age
D. Infant born to mother of gestational diabetes
Show answer and rationale
Correct answer: C — Small for gestational age
The correct answer is C: Small for gestational age. This term describes an infant born with a birth weight below the 10th percentile for gestational age, indicating intrauterine growth restriction. This term specifically addresses the infant's size in relation to their gestational age, distinguishing it from other choices.
A: Appropriate for gestational age refers to infants whose birth weight falls within the normal range for their gestational age, not below the 10th percentile.
B: Failure to thrive is a broader term encompassing various factors affecting a child's growth and development, not specifically related to birth weight percentile.
D: Infant born to mother of gestational diabetes pertains to a specific maternal condition that may affect the infant's health but does not directly address the infant's birth weight percentile.
Question 3
A 1-month-old girl with low-set ears and severe hypotonia has been diagnosed with trisomy 18. Which nursing diagnosis would the nurse identify as most likely?
A. Interrupted family process related to the child's diagnosis
B. Deficient knowledge related to the genetic disorder
C. Grieving related to the child's poor prognosis
D. Ineffective coping related to the stress of providing care
Show answer and rationale
Correct answer: C — Grieving related to the child's poor prognosis
The most likely nursing diagnosis for a 1-month-old girl with trisomy 18, characterized by low-set ears and severe hypotonia, is 'Grieving related to the child's poor prognosis.' Trisomy 18 is associated with a poor prognosis, and families often experience grief as they come to terms with the challenges and uncertainties associated with the condition. 'Interrupted family process' may not be as relevant since the primary focus is on the child's condition. 'Deficient knowledge related to the genetic disorder' could be important but may not be the most likely initial concern, as emotional support for the family is crucial at this point. 'Ineffective coping related to the stress of providing care' is a broad diagnosis that does not specifically address the emotional response to the child's prognosis, which is the primary concern in this case.
Question 4
The nurse knows that during the organizational process, the newborn won't be rated as exceptionally good if they do what?
A. They will remain alert.
B. They will be highly irritable and demonstrate mood swings.
C. They will demonstrate self-soothing and quieting techniques.
D. The newborn will shut down body responses to stimuli when drowsy.
Show answer and rationale
Correct answer: B — They will be highly irritable and demonstrate mood swings.
The correct answer is B because a newborn being highly irritable and demonstrating mood swings is indicative of poor adaptability and self-regulation skills, which are factors considered in rating newborns. Being irritable and having mood swings can be signs of difficulty in self-soothing and adjusting to the environment, hence not meeting the criteria for being rated exceptionally good.
A: Remaining alert is generally a positive sign of responsiveness, so it wouldn't hinder the newborn from being rated as exceptionally good.
C: Demonstrating self-soothing and quieting techniques is a positive behavior that can contribute to a newborn being rated as exceptionally good.
D: Shutting down body responses to stimuli when drowsy is a normal physiological response and does not necessarily impact the newborn's rating as exceptionally good.
Question 5
A child with a diagnosis of leukemia is admitted to the hospital with a fever. What is the priority nursing intervention?
A. Administering antibiotics
B. Administering antipyretics
C. Providing nutritional support
D. Monitoring for signs of infection
Show answer and rationale
Correct answer: D — Monitoring for signs of infection
The priority nursing intervention for a child with leukemia admitted to the hospital with a fever is to monitor for signs of infection. Children with leukemia are immunocompromised, making them more susceptible to infections. Monitoring for signs of infection helps in early detection and timely intervention, which is crucial in preventing complications. Administering antibiotics (choice A) may be necessary if an infection is suspected or confirmed, but the priority is to assess for signs of infection first. Administering antipyretics (choice B) may help reduce fever, but it does not address the underlying cause, which could be an infection. Providing nutritional support (choice C) is important for overall health but is not the priority when a child with leukemia presents with a fever, as infection needs to be ruled out or managed first.
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Question 6
What is the priority nursing intervention for a child admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of acute glomerulonephritis?
A. Monitoring for hypertension
B. Providing pain relief
C. Restricting fluid intake
D. Encouraging fluid intake
Correct answer:
The priority nursing intervention for a child with acute glomerulonephritis is monitoring for hypertension. Acute glomerulonephritis involves inflammation of the kidney's glomeruli, leading to impaired kidney function. Hypertension is a common complication due to fluid retention and increased renin-angiotensin system activity. Monitoring for hypertension is crucial for early detection and management to prevent further kidney damage and complications. Providing pain relief (Choice B) may be required for discomfort but is not the priority. Restricting fluid intake (Choice C) may be necessary in some kidney diseases, but in acute glomerulonephritis, the focus is on monitoring and managing hypertension. Encouraging fluid intake (Choice D) is inappropriate as it can exacerbate fluid overload and hypertension in acute glomerulonephritis.
You are managing a 10-month-old infant who has had severe diarrhea and vomiting for 3 days and is now showing signs of shock. You have initiated supplemental oxygen therapy and elevated the lower extremities. En route to the hospital, you note that the child's work of breathing has increased. What must you do first?
A. Lower the extremities and reassess the child
B. Begin positive pressure ventilations and reassess the child
C. Place a nasopharyngeal airway and increase the oxygen flow
D. Listen to the lungs with a stethoscope for abnormal breath sounds
Correct answer:
In this scenario, the infant is showing signs of shock with increased work of breathing. Lowering the extremities helps improve venous return to the heart, cardiac output, and oxygenation by reducing the pressure on the diaphragm. This action can alleviate the respiratory distress and is a critical step to take in a child with signs of shock. Beginning positive pressure ventilations (Choice B) should be considered if the infant's respiratory distress worsens despite lowering the extremities. Placing a nasopharyngeal airway and increasing oxygen flow (Choice C) may not directly address the increased work of breathing or the underlying shock condition. Listening to the lungs with a stethoscope (Choice D) may provide information on lung sounds but does not address the immediate need to improve breathing in a child with signs of shock.
You are seeing a 12-year-old female who presented to the emergency department with the sudden onset of severe abdominal pain. Imaging that was obtained to rule out appendicitis revealed a mass adjacent to the bladder. The mass was surgically resected, and pathology demonstrated a paraganglioma. Which of the studies below would be most useful to determine disease stage for this patient?
A. Bone Scan
B. Lumbar puncture for cerebrospinal fluid cytology
C. Bone marrow aspirate and biopsy
D. Ga 68-DOTATATE PET/CT
Correct answer:
Ga 68 dotatate is a radioisotope that binds to the somatostatin receptor. Based on the intensity of signals detected, PET images obtained using Ga 68 dotatate indicate the presence and density of somatostatin receptors in tissues. In 2016 the FDA approved Ga 68-DOTATATE PET for adult and pediatric patients with somatostatin positive neuroendocrine tumors (NETs), including pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma. Ga 68-DOTATATE PET is now the gold standard imaging modality for NETs. 123I-MIBG scans can also be used for the staging of pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma. Lumbar puncture, bone marrow aspirate and biopsy, and MRI of the brain are not indicated in the routine staging of these diseases. Although bone scan can detect bony metastases in pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma, Ga 68-DOTATATE PET is both more sensitive and specific.
A 6-year-old male is hospitalized in stable condition with multiple fractures following a car accident. The child's parents tell the nurse that their 7-year-old daughter is very upset about the accident and is concerned that her brother will die. Which suggestion by the nurse is most appropriate?
A. Encourage the parents to phone the sister frequently with updates on her brother's condition.
B. Suggest that the sister come to the hospital for a visit.
C. Suggest that one parent leave the hospital to spend extra time with their daughter at home.
D. Remind the parents that it is normal for children to be upset when their sibling is hospitalized.
Correct answer:
In situations where a sibling is upset about a family member being hospitalized, suggesting that the sister come to the hospital for a visit can help alleviate her concerns. This allows the sister to see her brother, ask questions, and receive reassurance from seeing him in stable condition. Direct contact and interaction can often provide more comfort and understanding than phone calls or staying at home. Encouraging phone calls (Choice A) might not provide the same level of comfort as a physical visit. While spending extra time with the daughter at home (Choice C) is important, in this scenario, facilitating a visit to the hospital can address the daughter's immediate concerns better. Reminding the parents that it is normal for children to be upset (Choice D) is not as proactive as arranging for the sister to visit her brother.
At 0345, you receive a call for a woman in labor. Upon arriving at the scene, you are greeted by a very anxious man who tells you that his wife is having her baby 'now.' This man escorts you into the living room where a 25-year-old woman is lying on the couch in obvious pain. After determining that delivery is not imminent, you begin transport. While en route, the mother tells you that she feels the urge to push. You assess her and see the top of the baby's head bulging from the vagina. What is your most appropriate first action?
A. allow the head to deliver and check for the location of the cord
B. advise your partner to stop the ambulance and assist with the delivery
C. tell the mother to take short, quick breaths until you arrive at the hospital
D. prepare the mother for an emergency delivery and open the obstetrics kit
Correct answer:
The correct action in this scenario is to advise your partner to stop the ambulance and assist with the delivery. When the mother feels the urge to push and you see the baby's head bulging from the vagina, it indicates an imminent delivery. Stopping the ambulance allows for a safer environment for the delivery of the baby and ensures that immediate assistance can be provided to both the mother and the newborn. Allowing the head to deliver before checking for the cord (Choice A) may delay necessary interventions in case of complications. Instructing the mother to take short, quick breaths (Choice C) is not appropriate when the baby's head is already visible. Preparing for an emergency delivery and opening the obstetrics kit (Choice D) is important but should come after stopping the ambulance and assisting with the imminent birth.
A nurse is caring for a patient who has just been diagnosed with chlamydia and wants to know when she can have sex with her boyfriend again. What is the best response from the nurse?
A. “You should not have sex until 7 days after you complete treatment and your partner gets treatment.â€
B. “You can have sex as soon as you finish the medicine.â€
C. “You can have sex once your partner takes the medicine.â€
D. “There is no need to wait.â€
Correct answer:
The correct answer is A because chlamydia is a sexually transmitted infection that requires treatment for both the infected person and their partner to prevent reinfection. The recommended practice is to abstain from sex until 7 days after completing treatment to ensure the infection is fully cleared from both individuals. This approach helps to prevent the spread of the infection and reduces the risk of complications.
Choice B is incorrect because simply finishing the medicine without waiting for the partner's treatment can lead to reinfection. Choice C is incorrect as it solely focuses on the partner's treatment without considering the completion of the patient's own treatment. Choice D is incorrect as it disregards the importance of completing treatment and waiting for the specified period before resuming sexual activity.
An infant has just been admitted to the newborn nursery after an uncomplicated delivery. Upon assessment, the nurse notes poor muscle tone and a temperature of 96°F axillary. What is the next course of action?
A. Obtain a blood glucose reading
B. Prepare for resuscitation needs
C. Call for a transfer to the neonatal intensive care unit
D. Place warm blankets around the newborn in the open crib
Correct answer:
The correct next course of action is to obtain a blood glucose reading (Choice A). Poor muscle tone and low temperature in a newborn can be indicative of hypoglycemia, which is a common issue in infants. By checking the blood glucose level, the healthcare provider can determine if hypoglycemia is the cause of the symptoms. This action allows for prompt intervention if needed. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they do not address the potential underlying issue of hypoglycemia. Resuscitation needs (Choice B) should only be considered if the infant's condition deteriorates. Calling for a transfer to the neonatal intensive care unit (Choice C) may not be necessary if the issue can be managed in the nursery. Placing warm blankets (Choice D) may help with temperature regulation but does not address the root cause of the symptoms.
A 6-month-old infant is diagnosed with cystic fibrosis. What explanation should the nurse provide to the parents about this condition?
A. It is a condition affecting the respiratory and digestive systems.
B. It is an autoimmune disorder affecting multiple organs.
C. It is a genetic disorder that can be managed with medication.
D. It is a condition caused by prenatal exposure to toxins.
Correct answer:
The correct answer is A: 'It is a condition affecting the respiratory and digestive systems.' Cystic fibrosis is a genetic disorder that primarily affects the respiratory and digestive systems. It is caused by a defective gene that leads to the production of thick and sticky mucus in these organs. This mucus can clog airways in the lungs and block the ducts in the pancreas, affecting digestion. Choice B is incorrect because cystic fibrosis is not an autoimmune disorder; it is a genetic condition. Choice C is partially correct in that cystic fibrosis is a genetic disorder, but merely managing it with medication oversimplifies the comprehensive care needed for individuals with cystic fibrosis. Choice D is incorrect as cystic fibrosis is not caused by prenatal exposure to toxins but is a genetic condition inherited from parents.
The healthcare provider is assessing a family to determine if they have access to adequate health care. Which statement accurately describes how certain families are affected by common barriers to health care?
A. After a decade of escalation, the percentage of children living in low-income families has been declining since 2000.
B. White, non-Hispanic children overall are more likely than African American and Hispanic children to be in very good or excellent health.
C. The proportion of children between the ages of 6 and 18 who are overweight is decreasing, but there is a significant increase in African American females.
D. The overall health care plan of working families may improve access to specialty care but limit access to preventive services.
Correct answer:
Choice B is the correct answer as white, non-Hispanic children are more likely to be in very good or excellent health compared to African American and Hispanic children. This is an important disparity in health outcomes that may be influenced by various social determinants. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because they do not accurately describe how certain families are affected by common barriers to health care. Choice A discusses the declining percentage of children in low-income families, which is not directly related to barriers to health care. Choice C talks about overweight children and the increase in African American females but does not address access to health care. Choice D discusses the impact of health care plans on working families but does not specifically address barriers to health care access for families.
A client with a BMI of 26.5 is seeking advice on weight gain during pregnancy at the first prenatal visit. Which of the following responses should the nurse provide?
A. It would be best if you gained about 11 to 20 pounds.
B. The recommendation for you is about 15 to 25 pounds.
C. A gain of about 25 to 35 pounds is recommended for you.
D. A gain of about 1 pound per week is the best pattern for you.
Correct answer:
The correct answer is B (15 to 25 pounds) because this recommendation aligns with the guidelines for weight gain during pregnancy for a client with a BMI of 26.5. The Institute of Medicine recommends this weight gain range for individuals in the overweight category. It is important to strike a balance between gaining enough weight to support the health of the fetus and not gaining excess weight that may lead to complications.
Choice A (11 to 20 pounds) may not provide enough weight gain for optimal pregnancy outcomes, while choice C (25 to 35 pounds) may lead to excessive weight gain. Choice D (1 pound per week) is too specific and does not account for individual variations in weight gain patterns during pregnancy. It is crucial to tailor weight gain recommendations based on the client's BMI to ensure a healthy pregnancy.
LPN exams pediatrics practice questions, set 7 for nursing students in the United States. Fifteen items. Five include answers and rationales in American English.
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