RN exams gastrointestinal practice questions set 16

Correct answer:

The correct answer is D because in the event of leakage from the pouch, it is important to promptly remove it, clean the skin, and apply a new pouch to prevent skin irritation and infection. This step is crucial for maintaining skin integrity and preventing complications. Choice A is incorrect as ileostomy pouches typically need to be changed more frequently, usually every 3-7 days, to prevent skin breakdown and odor. Choice B is incorrect because decreasing fluid intake can lead to dehydration and electrolyte imbalances, which are especially risky for ileostomy patients who have increased fluid losses. Choice C is incorrect because the pouch should not be removed until the stoma and bowel movements have been evaluated and regulated to ensure proper functioning.

Correct answer:

Treatment with PPIs should be directed at control of GERD symptoms and not with the expectation that Barrett's epithelium will regress, as this has yet to be proven. The presence of high-grade dysplasia is an indication for esophagectomy or endoscopic ablation by photodynamic therapy because there is high likelihood that adenocarcinoma is present by the time high-grade dysplasia is identified. Although patients with Barrett's esophagus with intestinal metaplasia are at higher risk of developing adenocarcinoma compared to the general population, the reality is that the vast majority of patients will never develop adenocarcinoma. Endoscopic surveillance at periodic intervals is generally recommended in those patients with Barrett's esophagus and intestinal metaplasia.

Correct answer:

The correct answer is D: The small intestine has segmentation contractions. This is because segmentation contractions are responsible for mixing and moving chyme (partially digested food) along the small intestine, allowing for optimal nutrient absorption. This process helps maximize the contact between chyme and the intestinal walls, facilitating absorption. A: Incorrect. The small intestine does not store food for several hours; instead, it continuously processes and absorbs nutrients. B: Incorrect. While the small intestine plays a crucial role in digestion and absorption, the main source of digestive enzymes is the pancreas. C: Incorrect. Haustrae are found in the large intestine, not the small intestine. They aid in the absorption of water and electrolytes.

Correct answer:

The correct answer is B: The client verbalizes the importance of small, frequent feedings. This is appropriate for a client with ulcerative colitis because small, frequent feedings help reduce gastrointestinal distress and maintain proper nutrition. Clients with ulcerative colitis often have difficulty tolerating large meals, so small, frequent feedings can help prevent exacerbation of symptoms. A: Recording intake and output is important for certain conditions but not specifically for ulcerative colitis. C: Using a heating pad may provide temporary relief for abdominal cramping but does not address the underlying issue of ulcerative colitis. D: Accepting a colostomy is not an expected outcome for ulcerative colitis treatment unless all other options have failed.

Correct answer:

The correct answer is D because an increase in hypothalamic neuropeptide Y and agouti-related protein can lead to increased appetite, reduced energy expenditure, and ultimately promote the development of obesity. Neuropeptide Y stimulates food intake, while agouti-related protein inhibits the regulation of food intake and energy expenditure. A is incorrect because a greater proportion of bacteriabetes relative to firmicutes gut microflora is not directly linked to the development of obesity. B is incorrect because a smaller dopamine response to high fat and sugar foods would likely lead to reduced intake, not obesity. C is incorrect because a smaller increase in ghrelin concentrations would lead to decreased appetite, which is not conducive to obesity development.

Correct answer:

Treatment with PPIs should be directed at control of GERD symptoms and not with the expectation that Barrett's epithelium will regress, as this has yet to be proven. The presence of high-grade dysplasia is an indication for esophagectomy or endoscopic ablation by photodynamic therapy because there is high likelihood that adenocarcinoma is present by the time high-grade dysplasia is identified. Although patients with Barrett's esophagus with intestinal metaplasia are at higher risk of developing adenocarcinoma compared to the general population, the reality is that the vast majority of patients will never develop adenocarcinoma. Endoscopic surveillance at periodic intervals is generally recommended in those patients with Barrett's esophagus and intestinal metaplasia.

Correct answer:

Treatment with PPIs should be directed at control of GERD symptoms and not with the expectation that Barrett's epithelium will regress, as this has yet to be proven. The presence of high-grade dysplasia is an indication for esophagectomy or endoscopic ablation by photodynamic therapy because there is high likelihood that adenocarcinoma is present by the time high-grade dysplasia is identified. Although patients with Barrett's esophagus with intestinal metaplasia are at higher risk of developing adenocarcinoma compared to the general population, the reality is that the vast majority of patients will never develop adenocarcinoma. Endoscopic surveillance at periodic intervals is generally recommended in those patients with Barrett's esophagus and intestinal metaplasia.

Correct answer:

The correct answer is D because corticosteroids inhibit the synthesis of mucus and prostaglandins, which are important for protecting the stomach lining. Without enough mucus and prostaglandins, the stomach lining becomes more susceptible to damage from stomach acid, leading to the development of peptic ulcers. Choice A is incorrect because the enzyme urease is associated with the development of Helicobacter pylori infection, not peptic ulcers directly. Choice B is incorrect because corticosteroids actually decrease hydrochloric acid secretion. Choice C is incorrect because a decreased rate of mucous cell renewal would lead to decreased mucus production, which could contribute to peptic ulcers, but it is not the primary mechanism associated with corticosteroids.

Correct answer:

Treatment with PPIs should be directed at control of GERD symptoms and not with the expectation that Barrett's epithelium will regress, as this has yet to be proven. The presence of high-grade dysplasia is an indication for esophagectomy or endoscopic ablation by photodynamic therapy because there is high likelihood that adenocarcinoma is present by the time high-grade dysplasia is identified. Although patients with Barrett's esophagus with intestinal metaplasia are at higher risk of developing adenocarcinoma compared to the general population, the reality is that the vast majority of patients will never develop adenocarcinoma. Endoscopic surveillance at periodic intervals is generally recommended in those patients with Barrett's esophagus and intestinal metaplasia.

Correct answer:

The correct answer is C: Renal ultrasound. Renal ultrasound is a noninvasive diagnostic procedure commonly used to assess kidney function by visualizing the size, shape, and structure of the kidneys. It can detect abnormalities such as kidney stones or cysts. A: Kidney, ureter, bladder (KUB) is an imaging test that provides information on the size and location of the kidneys, ureters, and bladder but does not directly assess kidney function. B: X-ray can show the outline of the kidneys but is not specific for evaluating kidney function. D: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a more detailed imaging technique that can provide information about kidney structure but is not typically used as a first-line diagnostic tool for routine kidney function assessment.