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LPN exams medical-surgical practice questions, set 27

LPN exams · medical-surgical

LPN exams medical-surgical practice questions set 27

You practice adult health stems across systems, then name the action that changes the outcome. Five of the 15 questions include the correct answer and rationale. The other ten keep answers in the study hub. Continue with the LPN exams exam guide or more LPN exams practice questions.

Five medical-surgical questions with answers

Cover the key. Write the first action. Then open the rationale and name why the other choices fail.

Question 1

Which of the following best illustrates selective genetic pressure in immune adaptation?

  1. A. Rroma populations and their genetic response to Yersinia pestis
  2. B. Mutation rates in viruses like the flu
  3. C. Increased pathogen diversity in unvaccinated populations
  4. D. Non-specific activation of innate immunity
Show answer and rationale

Correct answer: A — Rroma populations and their genetic response to Yersinia pestis

Step 1: Selective genetic pressure refers to the process where specific genetic traits are favored due to environmental factors. Step 2: Rroma populations and their genetic response to Yersinia pestis demonstrate selective genetic pressure as they have developed genetic adaptations to resist the plague bacterium. Step 3: This adaptation is a result of prolonged exposure to the pathogen, leading to the survival and reproduction of individuals with genetic variations that confer resistance. Step 4: Other choices are incorrect because mutation rates in viruses like the flu (B) do not necessarily involve genetic pressure, increased pathogen diversity in unvaccinated populations (C) is a consequence of lack of immunity, and non-specific activation of innate immunity (D) is not a selective process based on genetic traits.

Question 2

A child has been diagnosed with scabies and the parents are taught about the use of 5% permethrin lotion(Elimite). Which statement by the parents indicates the need for further instruction?

  1. A. Elimite goes from the nape of the neck to the toes, except on the genitals.
  2. B. The lotion is left on until the next day, when a bath is given.
  3. C. This treatment will have to be repeated 1 week after the first.
  4. D. We will give our child a warm soapy bath before applying the lotion.
Show answer and rationale

Correct answer: B — The lotion is left on until the next day, when a bath is given.

The correct answer is B. Leaving the lotion on until the next day and giving a bath is incorrect as per the treatment guidelines for scabies. The rationale is that permethrin lotion should be applied on dry skin and left on for 8-14 hours before washing off. This allows the medication to work effectively. Giving a bath right after applying the lotion can wash off the medication prematurely, reducing its efficacy. A: This statement is correct as it describes the correct application of Elimite from the nape of the neck to the toes, except on the genitals. C: This statement is correct as scabies treatment often requires a second application one week after the first to ensure all mites are eradicated. D: This statement is correct as it is recommended to give a warm soapy bath before applying the lotion to clean the skin.

Question 3

Which of the following parameters is not considered part of a routine skin assessment?

  1. A. color
  2. B. turgor
  3. C. temperature
  4. D. ankle-brachial index
Show answer and rationale

Correct answer: D — ankle-brachial index

Routine skin assessment targets visible and tactile traits, excluding 'ankle-brachial index' . ABI measures vascular flow e.g., 0.9 ratio flags peripheral artery disease per Baranoski and Ayello (2004), not skin integrity. , 'color,' reveals e.g., pallor (low perfusion) or redness (inflammation) a daily check. , 'turgor,' tests elasticity e.g., tenting signals dehydration standard in nursing. , 'temperature,' flags e.g., warmth (infection) or coolness (poor flow) routine bedside. ABI, a Doppler test e.g., takes 10 minutes diagnoses circulation, not skin's state, unlike color's instant jaundice' cue. A nurse inspecting e.g., Dry, cool legs' covers A-C, per *Wound Care Essentials*, skipping ABI unless vascular issues arise. It's specialized, not routine e.g., 5% of skin checks making the correct, non-standard parameter.

Question 4

Which symptom is NOT typically associated with anaphylaxis?

  1. A. Sudden drop in blood pressure
  2. B. Massive edema
  3. C. Severe bronchoconstriction
  4. D. T cell apoptosis
Show answer and rationale

Correct answer: D — T cell apoptosis

The correct answer is D: T cell apoptosis. Anaphylaxis is a severe allergic reaction that involves a rapid immune response. T cell apoptosis is not a typical symptom of anaphylaxis. Rationale: 1. A: Sudden drop in blood pressure is associated with anaphylaxis due to systemic vasodilation. 2. B: Massive edema is common in anaphylaxis due to increased vascular permeability. 3. C: Severe bronchoconstriction is a hallmark of anaphylaxis, leading to respiratory distress. 4. D: T cell apoptosis is not a characteristic feature of anaphylaxis. T cells play a role in adaptive immunity, not the immediate hypersensitivity reaction seen in anaphylaxis. Summary: T cell apoptosis is not typically associated with anaphylaxis, unlike the other symptoms listed which are common manifestations of this severe allergic reaction.

Question 5

A 45-year-old woman presents with fatigue, weight gain, and constipation. Laboratory tests reveal high TSH and low free T4 levels. What is the most likely diagnosis?

  1. A. Hypothyroidism
  2. B. Hyperthyroidism
  3. C. Thyroiditis
  4. D. Thyroid cancer
Show answer and rationale

Correct answer: A — Hypothyroidism

The most likely diagnosis is A: Hypothyroidism. High TSH and low free T4 levels indicate primary hypothyroidism. Elevated TSH is a compensatory response by the pituitary gland to stimulate the thyroid to produce more thyroid hormones, but the thyroid gland is unable to do so effectively, resulting in low free T4 levels. Fatigue, weight gain, and constipation are classic symptoms of hypothyroidism. - B: Hyperthyroidism is characterized by low TSH and high free T4 levels, opposite of the lab results presented. - C: Thyroiditis may initially present with high or low thyroid hormone levels, but the combination of high TSH and low free T4 levels is more indicative of hypothyroidism. - D: Thyroid cancer typically does not cause abnormal thyroid hormone levels; it is more commonly associated with thyroid nodules or masses.

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Ten more LPN exams medical-surgical questions

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Question 6

The nurse, working with a nursing student, is caring for a patient who is to receive interleukins. The student nurse asks you what happens physiologically when a patient receives interleukins. What is the nurse's best response?

  1. A. It really helps the patient!
  2. B. The patient has increases in the number of natural killer cells.
  3. C. The patient has decreased cytokine activity.
  4. D. The patient gets really sick from flu-like symptoms and then they get better.
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Question 7

Which client assessment falls within the scope of practice for the practical nurse?

  1. A. An agitated client with bilateral wrist restraints
  2. B. New admission of a client with deep vein thrombosis
  3. C. Return of a post-anesthesia client following a colon resection
  4. D. Transfer of a client with sepsis from a long-term care facility
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Question 8

The client with a diagnosis of hypertension is being taught about lifestyle changes. Which recommendation is most important to include?

  1. A. Increase sodium intake.
  2. B. Engage in regular physical activity.
  3. C. Avoid foods high in fat.
  4. D. Limit fluid intake to 1 liter per day.
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Question 9

A young adult female client is seen in the emergency department for a minor injury following a motor vehicle collision. She states she is very angry at the person who hit her car. What is the best nursing response?

  1. A. You are lucky to be alive. Be grateful no one was killed.'
  2. B. I understand your car was not seriously damaged.'
  3. C. You are upset that this incident has brought you here.'
  4. D. Have you ever been in the emergency department before?'
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Question 10

A patient with a central nervous system disorder is maintained on the drug methyldopa. Hemolytic anemia develops... This is MOST probably an example of

  1. A. atopic hypersensitivity
  2. B. cytotoxic hypersensitivity
  3. C. immune-complex hypersensitivity
  4. D. cell-mediated hypersensitivity
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Question 11

A 4-year-old preschooler with a low platelet count received intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG). What part of routine health maintenance would the nurse explain to the parents should be delayed?

  1. A. The administration of live-virus vaccines.
  2. B. The yearly routine dental examination.
  3. C. Assessing the child blood pressure.
  4. D. Checking the child’s visual acuity.
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Question 12

What measure is important in managing hypercalcemia in a child who is immobilized?

  1. A. Provide adequate hydration.
  2. B. Change position frequently.
  3. C. Encourage a diet high in calcium.
  4. D. Provide a diet high in calories for healing.
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Question 13

The patient underwent an allograft renal transplant 48 hours earlier and is showing signs of rejection. What drug would the nurse expect the physician to order?

  1. A. Muromonab
  2. B. Anakinra
  3. C. Mycophenolate
  4. D. Sirolimus
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Question 14

Which regimen is most effective for treating H. pylori infection?

  1. A. Metronidazole, bismuth subsalicylate, amoxicillin for 14 days
  2. B. Clarithromycin and omeprazole for 14 days
  3. C. Metronidazole, lansoprazole, and clarithromycin for 14 days
  4. D. Metronidazole, clarithromycin, and omeprazole for 7 days
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Question 15

What initial action should the nurse take when Aaron expresses frustration?

  1. A. Confront Aaron about his rude and unacceptable behavior and attitude
  2. B. Offer Aaron the opportunity to discuss his feelings of anger and hopelessness
  3. C. Ask Aaron's parents to calm him so the nursing assessment can be completed
  4. D. Reassure Aaron that he will not need to spend the rest of his life in and out of hospitals
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About these LPN exams medical-surgical questions

LPN exams medical-surgical practice questions, set 27 for nursing students in the United States. Fifteen items. Five include answers and rationales in American English.

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The first five questions already include the rationale. Start full practice to unlock the remaining keys, missed-question review, and the rest of the bank.

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