LPN exams medical-surgical practice questions set 5

Correct answer:

Hydrogel dressing is the correct answer for an arterial ulcer with a pale pink base, minimal drainage, and no infection. Arterial ulcers, caused by poor blood flow, often present as dry or minimally exudative wounds, and hydrogel provides essential moisture to rehydrate the wound bed, promoting autolytic debridement and healing. Its water- or glycerin-based composition suits this scenario, preventing desiccation while supporting tissue regeneration. Transparent film offers protection but lacks moisture donation, making it better for superficial, dry wounds, not arterial ulcers needing hydration. Calcium alginate is highly absorbent, ideal for heavy exudate, not minimal drainage, and could dry out this wound further. Silver-impregnated dressing targets infection, unnecessary here without signs of bacterial involvement. Hydrogel's hydrating properties align perfectly with the ulcer's characteristics, fostering an optimal healing environment without overwhelming the wound or surrounding skin.

Correct answer:

Hydrogel dressing is the correct answer for an arterial ulcer with a pale pink base, minimal drainage, and no infection. Arterial ulcers, caused by poor blood flow, often present as dry or minimally exudative wounds, and hydrogel provides essential moisture to rehydrate the wound bed, promoting autolytic debridement and healing. Its water- or glycerin-based composition suits this scenario, preventing desiccation while supporting tissue regeneration. Transparent film offers protection but lacks moisture donation, making it better for superficial, dry wounds, not arterial ulcers needing hydration. Calcium alginate is highly absorbent, ideal for heavy exudate, not minimal drainage, and could dry out this wound further. Silver-impregnated dressing targets infection, unnecessary here without signs of bacterial involvement. Hydrogel's hydrating properties align perfectly with the ulcer's characteristics, fostering an optimal healing environment without overwhelming the wound or surrounding skin.

Correct answer:

The skin's role in homeostasis includes temperature control, making 'thermal regulation by skin blood flow dilation or constriction'. The hypothalamus signals skin vessels to vasoconstrict e.g., conserving heat in cold (temp up 1°C) or vasodilate e.g., shedding heat in warmth (temp down 2°C) per Baranoski and Ayello (2004). , 'synthesis of vitamin K,' is false; skin makes vitamin D via UV e.g., 10 minutes sun yields 1000 IU not K, which liver produces. , 'elimination of carbon dioxide,' is lungs' job e.g., 35-45 mmHg CO2 exhaled, not skin. , 'glucose regulation by Langerhans cells,' misattributes; pancreatic islets, not skin's Langerhans (immune cells), manage glucose e.g., insulin drops 100 mg/dL. Skin's sweat and blood flow e.g., dilating vessels in 90°F heat regulate temp, a nurse's focus in fever or hypothermia. Unlike lungs or pancreas, skin's thermal role is dynamic, immediate, and measurable, aligning with essentials in *Wound Care Essentials*, making the accurate function.

Correct answer:

The correct answer is D because a pneumothorax with a pulse oximeter reading of 90% indicates potential respiratory compromise, requiring immediate attention to prevent further deterioration. A pneumothorax can lead to decreased oxygenation, which is critical for the client's health and needs prompt intervention. Checking this client first is essential to ensure timely management and prevent any adverse outcomes. Choice A is incorrect because a blood glucose level of 195 mg/dl in a client with diabetic ketoacidosis, while elevated, does not pose an immediate threat to life compared to respiratory compromise. Choice B is incorrect as a scant amount of blood in the drainage pouch does not indicate an urgent situation or immediate risk to the client's health. Choice C is incorrect as serosanguinous drainage in a chest tube post-triple coronary bypass, while requiring monitoring, does not indicate an immediate need for intervention compared to a potential respiratory compromise in choice D.

Correct answer:

The correct answer is B: It is not unusual for toddlers to eat less. Toddlers often go through phases where their appetites fluctuate, and it is normal for them to eat less at times. This response reassures the mother that her child's decreased appetite is a common phenomenon among toddlers and typically not a cause for concern. Rationale: - A (It is important for your toddler to eat three meals a day and nothing in between): This answer is too rigid and may cause unnecessary stress for the mother. Toddlers may have varying eating patterns, and forcing them to adhere to a strict meal schedule can be counterproductive. - C (Be sure to increase your child’s milk consumption, which will improve nutrition): Increasing milk consumption may not necessarily improve nutrition and could lead to other issues such as iron deficiency. It is important to focus on a balanced diet rather than solely relying on milk. - D (Giving your child a multivitamin supplement daily will increase your toddler’s

Correct answer:

The skin contains various sensory receptors that detect stimuli like pressure, touch, temperature, and pain. Pacinian corpuscles are deep in the dermis and hypodermis, sensing deep pressure and vibration. Free nerve endings, widespread in the epidermis and dermis, detect pain, temperature, and light touch. Ruffini corpuscles, also in the dermis, respond to skin stretch and sustained pressure. Krause corpuscles (listed elsewhere in the document) sense cold. All listed options Pacinian corpuscles, free nerve endings, and Ruffini corpuscles are indeed integumentary sensory receptors, each with specialized roles in mechanoreception or nociception. 'None of the above' implies that all are receptors, which is correct here, as no non-receptor is listed. The skin's sensory array supports its role as a sensory organ, and excluding any of these would misrepresent its capabilities. Thus, the option indicating all are receptors aligns with their documented presence and function in the integument.

Correct answer:

The skin contains various sensory receptors that detect stimuli like pressure, touch, temperature, and pain. Pacinian corpuscles are deep in the dermis and hypodermis, sensing deep pressure and vibration. Free nerve endings, widespread in the epidermis and dermis, detect pain, temperature, and light touch. Ruffini corpuscles, also in the dermis, respond to skin stretch and sustained pressure. Krause corpuscles (listed elsewhere in the document) sense cold. All listed options Pacinian corpuscles, free nerve endings, and Ruffini corpuscles are indeed integumentary sensory receptors, each with specialized roles in mechanoreception or nociception. 'None of the above' implies that all are receptors, which is correct here, as no non-receptor is listed. The skin's sensory array supports its role as a sensory organ, and excluding any of these would misrepresent its capabilities. Thus, the option indicating all are receptors aligns with their documented presence and function in the integument.

Correct answer:

The skin contains various sensory receptors that detect stimuli like pressure, touch, temperature, and pain. Pacinian corpuscles are deep in the dermis and hypodermis, sensing deep pressure and vibration. Free nerve endings, widespread in the epidermis and dermis, detect pain, temperature, and light touch. Ruffini corpuscles, also in the dermis, respond to skin stretch and sustained pressure. Krause corpuscles (listed elsewhere in the document) sense cold. All listed options Pacinian corpuscles, free nerve endings, and Ruffini corpuscles are indeed integumentary sensory receptors, each with specialized roles in mechanoreception or nociception. 'None of the above' implies that all are receptors, which is correct here, as no non-receptor is listed. The skin's sensory array supports its role as a sensory organ, and excluding any of these would misrepresent its capabilities. Thus, the option indicating all are receptors aligns with their documented presence and function in the integument.

Correct answer:

The correct answer is D: Encourage the client to identify potential sources of emotional support. This is the most helpful action because it focuses on providing the client with practical support to cope with her chronic sorrow. By identifying potential sources of emotional support, the client can strengthen her support network and feel less isolated in dealing with her husband's terminal illness. Option A: Questioning the client about her knowledge of cancer treatment options is not the most appropriate action in this scenario as it does not directly address the client's emotional needs related to chronic sorrow. Option B: Questioning the client about her husband's prognosis may increase the client's distress and anxiety, which is not beneficial in supporting her emotional well-being. Option C: Determining the means used by the client to cope with loss in the past is important but may not be the most immediate and practical step in addressing the client's current emotional needs.

Correct answer:

Foul-smelling greenish discharge is the correct answer, indicating a potential complication such as infection in the pressure ulcer. This type of discharge, often linked to bacteria like Pseudomonas, combined with a foul odor, suggests microbial overgrowth that can hinder healing and lead to serious outcomes like sepsis if untreated. Prompt reporting and a wound culture are critical to identify the pathogen and tailor treatment. Serous drainage is typically clear and watery, a normal part of healing unless it becomes excessive or purulent. Redness and warmth around the wound are expected signs of inflammation and increased blood flow during early healing stages, not necessarily problematic unless accompanied by worsening symptoms. Granulation tissue is a healthy sign, showing new tissue growth and vascularization, not a complication. The distinct foul-smelling, greenish discharge stands out as an abnormal finding requiring immediate attention, distinguishing it from the other options.