LPN exams management of care practice questions set 12

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Crises are inherently time-limited because their acute discomfort drives individuals to resolve them quickly, typically within 4 to 6 weeks. This duration reflects the natural human response to restore equilibrium when faced with overwhelming stress, as prolonged unresolved crises can lead to deeper psychological issues. The 1 to 10 days option is too short for most crises to fully resolve, as it may only cover initial shock or denial. The 1 to 3 weeks period might suffice for minor issues but not the acute crises described. Conversely, 3 to 4 months suggests a chronic state, not a self-resolving crisis. Nursing theory supports this 4 to 6 week timeframe, emphasizing that intervention should aim to support patients through this window, leveraging their natural resilience while preventing escalation into long-term dysfunction, making this the most evidence-based choice.

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In situations where a patient receives a terminal diagnosis and is emotionally distressed, it is essential to provide empathy and support. Sitting with the patient and actively listening to their fears allows the patient to express their emotions and concerns. This action demonstrates genuine care and compassion, showing the patient that their feelings are acknowledged and valued. It creates a therapeutic environment that fosters trust and emotional well-being, helping the patient cope with the distressing news. Calling the patient's spiritual leader (Choice A) may not address the immediate emotional needs of the patient. Calling the patient's family (Choice B) can be comforting but might not directly address the patient's fears. Crying with the patient (Choice C) can blur professional boundaries and may not be as beneficial as actively listening and providing support.

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The correct answer is C because binding arbitration involves a formal process where an arbitrator's decision is final and binding on both parties. This means that both labor and management must adhere to the arbitrator's decision, making it a legally enforceable resolution. Choice A is incorrect because mediation is not necessarily sanctioned by the NLRB; it is a voluntary process where a neutral mediator helps parties reach a mutually acceptable agreement. Choice B is incorrect because mediation does not involve a final decision-maker; it focuses on facilitating negotiations and helping parties communicate and reach a resolution on their own terms. Choice D is incorrect because binding arbitration does not require both parties to engage in discussions to find a resolution; instead, it involves the arbitrator making a final decision that both parties must accept.

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The correct answer is B: Request orientation to the medical-surgical unit. This is the first action the nurse should take because it ensures the nurse receives necessary training and information about the unit's policies, procedures, and client population. By requesting orientation, the nurse can familiarize themselves with the unit's layout, equipment, and protocols, which is crucial for providing safe and effective care to clients. Incorrect choices: A: Informing the nursing supervisor of lack of experience is important, but requesting orientation is more immediate and practical. C: Referring to the resource nurse may be helpful, but orientation should come first to gain a comprehensive understanding of the unit. D: Clarifying competencies is important, but it should come after orientation to ensure the nurse is fully prepared to work on the medical-surgical unit.

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The correct answer is A: Power of attorney. A power of attorney is a legal document that authorizes someone to act on behalf of another person in various matters, including financial and legal transactions. In this scenario, Mr. Delos Reyes is granting his wife the authority to make decisions and handle business matters on his behalf, indicating the use of a power of attorney. Summary: - Choice B: Informed consent is not correct because it pertains to a patient's agreement to a medical treatment after being provided with information about the treatment. - Choice C: Medical record is not correct as it refers to a document containing a patient's medical history and treatment information. - Choice D: Living will is not correct as it is a legal document that outlines a person's wishes regarding medical treatment in case they are unable to communicate their decisions.

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The correct answer is C: Write down the complete prescription. This is the first action the nurse should take to accurately capture the details of the new prescription. By writing down the complete prescription, the nurse ensures that all necessary information is recorded and can be verified. This step is crucial for medication safety and preventing errors. A: Documenting the prescription as a telephone prescription in the medical record should come after accurately writing down the complete prescription to ensure accuracy. B: Ensuring that the provider signs the prescription is important but should not be the first action taken by the nurse, as capturing the prescription details is the priority. D: Reading back the prescription to the provider is a good practice for verification but should follow after the complete prescription has been accurately written down.

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The correct answer is A: Proceed with treatment without obtaining written consent. In emergency situations where the client is disoriented and has a life-threatening condition like a cardiac arrhythmia, obtaining written consent may delay critical care. The nurse's priority is to stabilize the client and provide immediate treatment to address the arrhythmia. Written consent can be obtained later when the client's condition stabilizes. Choice B is incorrect because having the client sign a consent form is not appropriate in this emergent situation. Choice C is incorrect as notifying risk management is not the priority when the client's life is at risk. Choice D is also incorrect as contacting the client's next of kin for consent may delay essential treatment. In emergency situations, providing immediate and necessary care takes precedence over obtaining consent.

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In diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), as the condition progresses, the body tries to compensate for the acidic environment by increasing the respiratory rate, leading to Kussmaul's respirations. The accumulation of ketones in the body causes a fruity odor on the breath. Option A is correct because Kussmaul's respirations and a fruity odor on the breath are classic signs of DKA. Option B is incorrect because shallow respirations are not typically seen in DKA, and severe abdominal pain is more commonly associated with conditions like pancreatitis. Option C is incorrect as decreased respirations are not a typical finding in DKA, and increased urine output is more commonly seen in conditions like diabetes insipidus. Option D is incorrect because Cheyne-Stokes respirations are not characteristic of DKA, and foul-smelling urine is not a prominent symptom in this condition.

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Postpartum hemorrhage, indicated by heavy bleeding with large clots two hours after birth, requires immediate action to control bleeding. Massaging the fundus firmly is the nurse's initial action, as it stimulates uterine contraction to compress blood vessels and reduce bleeding, addressing the most common cause uterine atony. Bi-manual compressions are more invasive and typically performed by a provider if massage fails. Notifying the provider is a follow-up step after initiating control measures, as the nurse must act first in this emergency. Administering ergonovine requires a prescription and isn't an immediate nursing action. Fundal massage is within the nurse's scope, directly targets the bleeding source, and aligns with the priority of stabilizing the client before escalating care, making it the most effective and rapid response to postpartum hemorrhage.

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Step 1: Discuss the situation with the nurse who poured the medication. This is the correct first action because the nurse who prepared the medication plays a key role in ensuring safe medication administration. The charge nurse needs to gather information on why the medication was given inappropriately to prevent future incidents. Step 2: Reinforce facility policy with the AP. After addressing the nurse who prepared the medication, the charge nurse should educate the AP on proper medication administration to prevent similar errors in the future. Step 3: Complete appropriate documentation. Documenting the incident is necessary for record-keeping and ensuring accountability. Step 4: Auscultate the client's breath sounds. Although important, assessing the client's breath sounds should come after addressing the root cause of the error to prevent similar incidents.