RN exams medical-surgical practice questions set 22

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The correct answer is D: Bronchodilator therapy. Bronchodilators help to relax and open up the airways, which can improve airflow and reduce symptoms such as cough, sputum production, and dyspnea in patients with chronic bronchitis. This intervention can help manage the patient's symptoms and improve their quality of life by making it easier for them to breathe. A: Smoking cessation counseling is important for overall management of chronic bronchitis, but it does not directly address the patient's current symptoms. B: Oral antibiotic therapy may be indicated if there is evidence of a bacterial infection, but it is not the first-line treatment for managing chronic bronchitis symptoms. C: Home oxygen therapy may be necessary for patients with severe hypoxemia, but it is not typically the first intervention for managing symptoms of chronic bronchitis without evidence of significant oxygen desaturation.

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The symptoms described, including progressive weakness, muscle atrophy, fasciculations, dysphagia, and dysarthria primarily involving the upper and lower extremities, are classic features of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), also known as Lou Gehrig's disease. ALS is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that affects the motor neurons in the brain and spinal cord, leading to muscle weakness and atrophy. As the disease progresses, patients may develop difficulty swallowing (dysphagia) and speaking (dysarthria). In contrast, Parkinson's disease primarily involves movement-related symptoms such as tremors, muscle stiffness, and slow movements. Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is an acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy that typically presents with ascending weakness and sensory abnormalities, often preceded by an infection. Myasthenia gravis is characterized by muscle weakness exacerbated by

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The correct answer is A: African American churches. This target audience is appropriate because African Americans have a higher prevalence of hypertension compared to other ethnic groups. By providing education and screening at African American churches, the nurse can reach a population that is at higher risk for hypertension. Churches are also community hubs where individuals gather regularly, making it an effective platform for health promotion. Choice B: Asian American groceries is incorrect as it does not specifically target a population with a high prevalence of hypertension. Choice C: High school sports camps may not be an ideal target audience for hypertension education as the focus is typically on physical fitness rather than chronic disease management. Choice D: Women's health clinics may not reach the priority population of African Americans who have a higher prevalence of hypertension.

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The correct answer is A: cephalohematoma. Cephalohematoma is a subperiosteal collection of blood that occurs due to trauma during delivery, such as with forceps assistance. The swelling is sharply demarcated because it is bound by suture lines of the skull bones. In this case, the parietal bones are affected, while the other skull bones are not involved. The absence of edema in the neck and the infant's good activity and feeding suggest no significant underlying issues. Summary: B: Subgaleal hemorrhage involves bleeding into the potential space between the periosteum and the skull, resulting in diffuse swelling extending beyond suture lines. C: Caput succedaneum is soft tissue swelling that crosses suture lines and involves the scalp, not just the parietal bones. D: Skull fracture would present with additional signs such as crepitus, misshapen skull, or neurological deficits, which are not mentioned

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The correct answer is B because recommending an over-the-counter scopolamine patch is an appropriate intervention for preventing motion sickness during a cruise. Scopolamine is a common medication used to alleviate symptoms of motion sickness by affecting the vestibular system. It is often recommended for individuals going on cruises or experiencing other forms of motion sickness. Choice A is incorrect because making an appointment with the healthcare provider may not be necessary for a common issue like motion sickness and could delay the client's access to immediate relief. Choice C is incorrect as discouraging the client from taking the trip does not address the client's concern about motion sickness and is not a practical solution. Choice D is incorrect as instructing the client to lie down does not address motion sickness and may not be effective in preventing or alleviating symptoms.

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Alginate is the correct answer because it is highly absorbent, capable of managing moderate to heavy exudate by absorbing up to 20 times its weight in fluid, making it ideal for such wounds. It forms a gel when in contact with exudate, maintaining a moist environment that supports healing and autolytic debridement, while preventing maceration of surrounding skin. Transparent film is non-absorbent and suited for dry wounds, offering protection but not fluid management. Hydrogel is minimally absorbent and better for dry or minimally exudative wounds, providing hydration rather than absorption. Foam is moderately absorbent, handling light to moderate exudate, but less effective than alginate for heavy drainage due to its lower capacity (up to four times its weight). The wound's moderate to heavy exudate requires a dressing like alginate to effectively manage fluid and promote optimal healing conditions.

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The correct answer is C: "I will be able to use my fingers with more flexibility to grasp things." This answer is correct because arthroplasty surgery aims to improve joint function and mobility rather than correcting deformities or changing the appearance of the fingers. Patients with ulnar drift caused by RA typically have limited mobility and flexibility in their fingers, so the goal of the surgery is to enhance the ability to use the fingers for daily tasks. Choice A is incorrect because while the surgery may improve finger function, it may not fully correct all deformities caused by RA. Choice B is incorrect because hand exercises are typically an important part of the post-operative rehabilitation process to regain strength and mobility. Choice D is incorrect because while the surgery may improve the alignment of the joints, it may not significantly change the size or shape of the fingers.

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The correct answer is B: Ask the patient about abdominal discomfort. This is important because the patient with a hip spica cast may experience pressure on the abdomen, leading to potential abdominal discomfort or complications. It is crucial to monitor for signs of abdominal issues promptly. A: Avoid placing the patient in prone position - While this is generally a good practice to prevent pressure ulcers, it is not directly related to the specific concern of abdominal discomfort in this scenario. C: Discuss remaining on bed rest for several weeks - While bed rest may be necessary for a period, it is not directly addressing the potential issue of abdominal discomfort from the spica cast. D: Use the cast support bar to reposition the patient - While repositioning the patient is important, the primary concern in this situation is monitoring for abdominal discomfort, not repositioning the patient.

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Intracerebral hemorrhage is characterized by bleeding directly into the brain parenchyma, leading to the sudden onset of severe headache, vomiting, altered mental status, and neurological deficits. The hyperdense lesion seen on imaging is caused by the presence of blood within the brain tissue. This condition is often associated with hypertension and can be life-threatening if not promptly diagnosed and managed. Subdural hematoma is an accumulation of blood between the brain and its outermost covering (dura mater), typically presenting with a slower onset of symptoms compared to intracerebral hemorrhage. Subarachnoid hemorrhage involves bleeding into the space between the arachnoid membrane and the pia mater (subarachnoid space), commonly caused by the rupture of an aneurysm. Ischemic stroke results from the blockage of a blood vessel supplying the brain, leading to a lack of oxygen and nutrients to

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The main function of the Membrane Attack Complex (MAC) is to lyse pathogens by creating pores in their cell membranes. First, MAC assembles on the pathogen's surface. Then, it forms a pore, disrupting the pathogen's membrane integrity, leading to cell lysis. This mechanism is crucial for the immune system to effectively eliminate pathogens. Choice A (Recruitment of neutrophils) is incorrect because MAC is not involved in recruiting neutrophils. Neutrophil recruitment is typically mediated by other signaling molecules. Choice B (Phagocytosis activation) is incorrect as MAC does not directly activate phagocytosis. Phagocytosis is a separate process involving the engulfment of pathogens by immune cells. Choice D (Enhancing cytokine production) is incorrect because MAC does not directly enhance cytokine production. Cytokine production is mainly regulated by other immune cells and signaling pathways.