RN exams gastrointestinal practice questions, set 10
RN exams · gastrointestinal
RN exams gastrointestinal practice questionsset 10
You read GI bleed, liver, and nutrition stems and pick the intervention that protects the patient now. Five of the 15 questions include the correct answer and rationale. The other ten keep answers in the study hub. Continue with the RN exams exam guide or more RN exams practice questions.
Five gastrointestinal questions with answers
Cover the key. Write the first action. Then open the rationale and name why the other choices fail.
Question 1
Which two regions of a tooth contain living cells?
A. dentin and enamel
B. anatomical crown and cementum
C. enamel and cementum
D. dentin and cementum
Show answer and rationale
Correct answer: D — dentin and cementum
The correct answer is D. Dentin and cementum are the two regions of a tooth that contain living cells. Dentin is the hard tissue beneath the enamel and cementum that forms the bulk of the tooth structure. It contains living cells called odontoblasts responsible for dentin formation. Cementum is the hard tissue covering the tooth root and is essential for anchoring the tooth in the jawbone. Cementum contains living cells called cementoblasts responsible for cementum formation. Therefore, both dentin and cementum are vital regions of a tooth that house living cells involved in tooth development and maintenance.
A: Dentin and enamel - Enamel is the outermost layer of the tooth and does not contain living cells.
B: Anatomical crown and cementum - Anatomical crown is not a region of the tooth containing living cells.
C: Enamel and cementum - Enamel does not contain living cells, only mineralized structures.
Question 2
Which of the following is an opening in the large bowel created by bringing a section of the large intestine out to the abdomen and fashioning a stoma?
A. Continent ileostomy
B. Colostomy
C. Ileostomy
D. Ileoanal reservoir
Show answer and rationale
Correct answer: B — Colostomy
The correct answer is B: Colostomy. A colostomy is an opening in the large bowel created by bringing a section of the large intestine out to the abdomen to form a stoma. This procedure is typically done to divert stool in cases of colorectal diseases or surgeries.
A: Continent ileostomy - This choice is incorrect because a continent ileostomy involves creating a pouch inside the body to collect waste, rather than bringing a section of the large intestine out to the abdomen.
C: Ileostomy - This choice is incorrect because an ileostomy involves bringing the end of the small intestine out to the abdomen to create a stoma, not a section of the large intestine.
D: Ileoanal reservoir - This choice is incorrect as it refers to a surgical procedure where the colon and rectum are removed, and a pouch is created from the small intestine to restore bowel function, not to create a stoma in the large bowel.
Question 3
Once absorbed into the epithelial cell of the small intestine, free fatty acids and glycerol are recombined and a protein coat is added to form a
A. chylomicron.
B. micelle.
C. lipoprotein.
D. fatty droplet.
Show answer and rationale
Correct answer: A — chylomicron.
The correct answer is A: chylomicron. After absorption, free fatty acids and glycerol are recombined in the epithelial cell to form triglycerides. These triglycerides are then packaged with proteins to form chylomicrons, which are lipoprotein particles that transport dietary fats through the lymphatic system and bloodstream. Chylomicrons are essential for the absorption of dietary fats and fat-soluble vitamins.
Summary:
- B: Micelle is incorrect because micelles are formed in the lumen of the small intestine to aid in the absorption of lipids but do not involve recombination of fatty acids and glycerol.
- C: Lipoprotein is incorrect because while chylomicrons are a type of lipoprotein, the specific process described in the question is not about general lipoprotein formation.
- D: Fatty droplet is incorrect as it does not involve the recombination and protein coating process described in the question.
Question 4
The nurse has completed initial instruction with a patient regarding a weight-loss program. Which patient comment indicates to the nurse that the teaching has been effective?
A. I will keep a diary of daily weight to illustrate my weight loss.'Â
B. I plan to lose 4 lb a week until I have lost the 60 lb I want to lose.'Â
C. I should not exercise more than what is required so I don't increase my appetite.'Â
D. I plan to join a behavior modification group to help establish long-term behavior changes.'Â
Show answer and rationale
Correct answer: D — I plan to join a behavior modification group to help establish long-term behavior changes.'Â
The correct answer is D because it demonstrates the patient's understanding of the importance of behavior modification for long-term weight loss success. By joining a behavior modification group, the patient shows a commitment to changing habits and lifestyle, which is crucial for sustained weight loss.
Choice A focuses on tracking weight loss progress, which is important but does not necessarily indicate a deep understanding of behavior change. Choice B sets unrealistic weight loss goals that may not be safe or sustainable. Choice C shows a misconception about exercise and appetite, indicating a potential misunderstanding of weight loss principles.
In summary, choice D is correct because it reflects a holistic approach to weight loss that includes addressing behavior patterns, while the other choices either focus on surface-level strategies or misunderstand key concepts related to weight loss.
Question 5
Which of the following statements is true?
A. Alcoholic hepatitis typically has an AST/ALT ratio less than 2
B. Alpha-1 Antitrypsin (A1AT) deficiency is associated with arteriovenous malformations of the brain
C. Serum A1AT levels are diagnostic of A1AT deficiency
D. Hepatitis A infection may have a relapsing course
Show answer and rationale
Correct answer: D — Hepatitis A infection may have a relapsing course
The correct answer is D: Hepatitis A infection may have a relapsing course. Hepatitis A infection can indeed have a relapsing course, with symptoms recurring after an initial improvement. This is due to the nature of the virus and the immune response.
A: Alcoholic hepatitis typically has an AST/ALT ratio less than 2 - This statement is incorrect because in alcoholic hepatitis, the AST/ALT ratio is typically greater than 2.
B: Alpha-1 Antitrypsin (A1AT) deficiency is associated with arteriovenous malformations of the brain - This statement is incorrect as A1AT deficiency is primarily associated with pulmonary manifestations such as emphysema and liver disease, not brain arteriovenous malformations.
C: Serum A1AT levels are diagnostic of A1AT deficiency - This is incorrect as A1AT levels can be influenced by various factors and genetic testing is needed for a definitive diagnosis of A1AT deficiency
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Question 6
A nurse is caring for a client who has just returned from the PACU after a traditional cholecystectomy. In which of the following positions should the nurse place the client?
A. Prone
B. Semi-Fowler's
C. Supported Sims'
D. Dorsal recumbent
Correct answer:
The correct answer is B: Semi-Fowler's position. After a traditional cholecystectomy, placing the client in a Semi-Fowler's position (head of the bed elevated at 30-45 degrees) helps promote lung expansion, improve breathing, and reduce the risk of aspiration. This position also helps with comfort and aids in preventing complications such as respiratory issues and surgical site complications.
A: Prone position is incorrect as it involves lying on the stomach and is not appropriate for a client after cholecystectomy due to the risk of putting pressure on the abdomen and surgical site.
C: Supported Sims' position is incorrect as it is typically used for rectal examinations or enemas, not for post-cholecystectomy care.
D: Dorsal recumbent position is incorrect as it involves lying on the back with knees flexed, which may not provide optimal support and comfort for a client post-cholecystectomy.
An older patient reports chronic constipation. To promote bowel evacuation, when should the nurse suggest that the patient attempt defecation?
A. In the mi
B. afternoon
C. After eating breakfast
D. Right after awakening in the morning
Correct answer:
The correct answer is D: Right after awakening in the morning. This is because the gastrocolic reflex is most active in the morning, leading to increased bowel motility. This reflex is triggered by the presence of food in the stomach and helps facilitate bowel evacuation. Attempting defecation in the morning takes advantage of this natural reflex, making it easier for the patient to have a bowel movement.
A: In the middle of the night - Incorrect. Bowel motility is typically lowest during nighttime hours, making it less likely for the patient to have a successful bowel movement.
B: In the afternoon - Incorrect. Bowel motility tends to decrease throughout the day, making it less optimal for promoting bowel evacuation.
C: After eating breakfast - Incorrect. While eating can stimulate bowel movement, the gastrocolic reflex is most active in the morning, making this a suboptimal time for defecation.
Which information will the nurse provide for a patient with newly diagnosed gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)?
A. Peppermint tea may reduce your symptoms.
B. Keep the head of your bed elevated on blocks.
C. You should avoid eating between meals to reduce acid secretion.
D. Vigorous physical activities may increase the incidence of reflux.
Correct answer:
The correct answer is B: Keep the head of your bed elevated on blocks. Elevating the head of the bed can help prevent stomach acid from flowing back into the esophagus during sleep, reducing nighttime symptoms of GERD. This position helps gravity keep the acid in the stomach.
A: Peppermint tea may actually worsen GERD symptoms as it can relax the lower esophageal sphincter, allowing acid to reflux back into the esophagus.
C: Avoiding eating between meals will not reduce acid secretion and may even lead to larger meals, which can trigger reflux symptoms.
D: Vigorous physical activities can worsen GERD symptoms by increasing intra-abdominal pressure, pushing stomach contents back up into the esophagus.
In summary, the correct answer is B because it directly addresses a practical measure to alleviate GERD symptoms during sleep, while the other choices do not effectively manage the condition.
After administering 40 mEq of potassium chloride, a nurse evaluates the clients response. Which manifestations indicate that treatment is improving the clients hypokalemia? (Select all tha do not t apply.)
A. Strong productive cough
B. Active bowel sounds
C. U waves present on the electrocardiogram (ECG)
Correct answer:
The correct answer is C: U waves present on the electrocardiogram (ECG). U waves are indicative of hypokalemia, and their presence indicates that the potassium chloride treatment is improving the condition.
Explanation:
1. A: Strong productive cough - This manifestation is not related to potassium levels and does not indicate improvement in hypokalemia.
2. B: Active bowel sounds - While hypokalemia can cause gastrointestinal issues, active bowel sounds alone do not specifically indicate improvement in potassium levels.
3. C: U waves present on ECG - U waves are a classic ECG finding in hypokalemia. The presence of U waves indicates a positive response to potassium chloride treatment.
4. D: No response provided - Not applicable.
In summary, the presence of U waves on the ECG is a key indicator of improvement in hypokalemia, while the other manifestations do not directly relate to potassium levels.
A nurse on the day shift is preparing to change a client's total parenteral nutrition (TPN) solution, but the new TPN solution has not arrived from the pharmacy. The client receives additional IV fat emulsion during the night shift. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?
A. Hang dextrose 10% in water (D10W) until the TPN solution is delivered.
B. Saline lock the IV catheter after discontinuing the TPN solution.
C. Hang the IV fat emulsion solution.
D. Call the provider for new TPN orders.
Correct answer:
The correct answer is A: Hang dextrose 10% in water (D10W) until the TPN solution is delivered. This is the correct action because the client is dependent on TPN for nutrition and cannot go without it. D10W provides a source of glucose to prevent hypoglycemia until the TPN solution arrives. It is important to maintain the client's glucose levels to prevent complications.
Choice B is incorrect because saline locking the IV catheter would not address the client's nutritional needs.
Choice C is incorrect because hanging the IV fat emulsion solution alone would not provide the necessary nutrients that the client needs from the TPN solution.
Choice D is incorrect because calling the provider for new TPN orders would delay the client from receiving essential nutrition. Hanging D10W is the most appropriate action to ensure the client's safety and well-being while waiting for the TPN solution to arrive.
Which information will the nurse provide for a patient with newly diagnosed gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)?
A. Peppermint tea may reduce your symptoms.
B. Keep the head of your bed elevated on blocks.
C. You should avoid eating between meals to reduce acid secretion.
D. Vigorous physical activities may increase the incidence of reflux.
Correct answer:
The correct answer is B: Keep the head of your bed elevated on blocks. Elevating the head of the bed can help prevent stomach acid from flowing back into the esophagus during sleep, reducing nighttime symptoms of GERD. This position helps gravity keep the acid in the stomach.
A: Peppermint tea may actually worsen GERD symptoms as it can relax the lower esophageal sphincter, allowing acid to reflux back into the esophagus.
C: Avoiding eating between meals will not reduce acid secretion and may even lead to larger meals, which can trigger reflux symptoms.
D: Vigorous physical activities can worsen GERD symptoms by increasing intra-abdominal pressure, pushing stomach contents back up into the esophagus.
In summary, the correct answer is B because it directly addresses a practical measure to alleviate GERD symptoms during sleep, while the other choices do not effectively manage the condition.
How should the nurse explain esomeprazole (Nexium) to a patient with recurring heartburn?
A. It reduces gastroesophageal reflux by increasing the rate of gastric emptying.
B. It neutralizes stomach acid and provides relief of symptoms in a few minutes.
C. It coats and protects the lining of the stomach and esophagus from gastric acid.
D. It treats gastroesophageal reflux disease by decreasing stomach acid production.
Correct answer:
The correct answer is D because esomeprazole (Nexium) is a proton pump inhibitor that works by decreasing stomach acid production, thereby treating gastroesophageal reflux disease. This explanation is important for the patient to understand the mechanism of action of the medication.
Choice A is incorrect because esomeprazole does not increase the rate of gastric emptying; instead, it reduces acid production. Choice B is incorrect because esomeprazole does not neutralize stomach acid immediately; it takes a few days to reach its full effect. Choice C is incorrect because esomeprazole does not coat and protect the stomach and esophagus; it works by reducing acid production.
In summary, the correct answer is D because it accurately describes how esomeprazole works to manage recurring heartburn by decreasing stomach acid production, which is essential for treating gastroesophageal reflux disease.
Which of the following is an opening in the large bowel created by bringing a section of the large intestine out to the abdomen and fashioning a stoma?
A. Continent ileostomy
B. Colostomy
C. Ileostomy
D. Ileoanal reservoir
Correct answer:
The correct answer is B: Colostomy. A colostomy is an opening in the large bowel created by bringing a section of the large intestine out to the abdomen to form a stoma. This procedure is typically done to divert stool in cases of colorectal diseases or surgeries.
A: Continent ileostomy - This choice is incorrect because a continent ileostomy involves creating a pouch inside the body to collect waste, rather than bringing a section of the large intestine out to the abdomen.
C: Ileostomy - This choice is incorrect because an ileostomy involves bringing the end of the small intestine out to the abdomen to create a stoma, not a section of the large intestine.
D: Ileoanal reservoir - This choice is incorrect as it refers to a surgical procedure where the colon and rectum are removed, and a pouch is created from the small intestine to restore bowel function, not to create a stoma in the large bowel.
The nurse has completed initial instruction with a patient regarding a weight-loss program. Which patient comment indicates to the nurse that the teaching has been effective?
A. I will keep a diary of daily weight to illustrate my weight loss.'
B. I plan to lose 4 lb a week until I have lost the 60 lb I want to lose.'
C. I should not exercise more than what is required so I don't increase my appetite.'
D. I plan to join a behavior modification group to help establish long-term behavior changes.'
Correct answer:
The correct answer is D because it demonstrates the patient's understanding of the importance of behavior modification for long-term weight loss success. By joining a behavior modification group, the patient shows a commitment to changing habits and lifestyle, which is crucial for sustained weight loss.
Choice A focuses on tracking weight loss progress, which is important but does not necessarily indicate a deep understanding of behavior change. Choice B sets unrealistic weight loss goals that may not be safe or sustainable. Choice C shows a misconception about exercise and appetite, indicating a potential misunderstanding of weight loss principles.
In summary, choice D is correct because it reflects a holistic approach to weight loss that includes addressing behavior patterns, while the other choices either focus on surface-level strategies or misunderstand key concepts related to weight loss.
An older patient reports chronic constipation. To promote bowel evacuation, when should the nurse suggest that the patient attempt defecation?
A. In the mi
B. afternoon
C. After eating breakfast
D. Right after awakening in the morning
Correct answer:
The correct answer is D: Right after awakening in the morning. This is because the gastrocolic reflex is most active in the morning, leading to increased bowel motility. This reflex is triggered by the presence of food in the stomach and helps facilitate bowel evacuation. Attempting defecation in the morning takes advantage of this natural reflex, making it easier for the patient to have a bowel movement.
A: In the middle of the night - Incorrect. Bowel motility is typically lowest during nighttime hours, making it less likely for the patient to have a successful bowel movement.
B: In the afternoon - Incorrect. Bowel motility tends to decrease throughout the day, making it less optimal for promoting bowel evacuation.
C: After eating breakfast - Incorrect. While eating can stimulate bowel movement, the gastrocolic reflex is most active in the morning, making this a suboptimal time for defecation.
RN exams gastrointestinal practice questions, set 10 for nursing students in the United States. Fifteen items. Five include answers and rationales in American English.
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