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RN exams endocrine practice questions, set 3

RN exams · endocrine

RN exams endocrine practice questions set 3

You catch glucose, thyroid, and steroid problems from the labs and symptoms in the stem. Five of the 15 questions include the correct answer and rationale. The other ten keep answers in the study hub. Continue with the RN exams exam guide or more RN exams practice questions.

Five endocrine questions with answers

Cover the key. Write the first action. Then open the rationale and name why the other choices fail.

Question 1

How do hormones and neurotransmitters interact?

  1. A. NONE OF THE ABOVE (They are both chemical messengers that can sometimes be chemically identical and both produce molecules that act on receptors)
  2. B. Hormones travel through the synaptic cleft while neurotransmitters travel through the bloodstream.
  3. C. Hormones act on receptors while neurotransmitters travel through the bloodstream.
  4. D. Both travel through the bloodstream to reach their target tissues.
Show answer and rationale

Correct answer: A — NONE OF THE ABOVE (They are both chemical messengers that can sometimes be chemically identical and both produce molecules that act on receptors)

The correct answer is A because hormones and neurotransmitters are both chemical messengers that can sometimes be chemically identical and produce molecules that act on receptors in target cells. This is correct as both hormones and neurotransmitters are signaling molecules that carry messages between cells. Choice B is incorrect because hormones typically travel through the bloodstream to reach target tissues, while neurotransmitters travel across the synaptic cleft to transmit signals between neurons. Choice C is incorrect because hormones also act on receptors in target cells, not just neurotransmitters. Both hormones and neurotransmitters can act on specific receptors to elicit a cellular response. Choice D is incorrect because neurotransmitters primarily travel through the synaptic cleft to reach the target cell, while hormones travel through the bloodstream to reach their target tissues.

Question 2

Some medications for relief of cold/allergy symptoms contain pseudoephedrine, which acts as a decongestant. If a patient who is taking an MAO inhibitor takes pseudoephedrine, what is the likely outcome?

  1. A. Acute bronchospasm/asthma due to ACh release from the adrenal medulla
  2. B. Hypertensive crisis, possible stroke
  3. C. Heart rate and contractile force would drop significantly and quickly
  4. D. The cold symptoms would quickly get worse (increased secretions)
Show answer and rationale

Correct answer: B — Hypertensive crisis, possible stroke

Step 1: MAO inhibitors prevent the breakdown of neurotransmitters like norepinephrine. Step 2: Pseudoephedrine stimulates the release of norepinephrine. Step 3: The combination can lead to excessive norepinephrine, causing hypertension and potential stroke. Therefore, the likely outcome when a patient taking an MAO inhibitor also takes pseudoephedrine is a hypertensive crisis and possible stroke (Choice B). Summary: - Choice A (acute bronchospasm/asthma due to ACh release from the adrenal medulla) is incorrect because pseudoephedrine does not directly cause this response. - Choice C (heart rate and contractile force would drop significantly and quickly) is incorrect as pseudoephedrine tends to increase heart rate and blood pressure. - Choice D (the cold symptoms would quickly get worse - increased secretions) is incorrect as pseudoephedrine is a decongestant and would not worsen cold symptoms

Question 3

Which of the following is the most important mechanism of action of propylthiouracil in the treatment of Graves' disease?

  1. A. Inhibition of production of thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins
  2. B. Inhibition of the function of thyroid peroxidase
  3. C. Reduced peripheral conversion of T4 to T3
  4. D. Reversal of iodine organification
Show answer and rationale

Correct answer: B — Inhibition of the function of thyroid peroxidase

The correct answer is B: Inhibition of the function of thyroid peroxidase. Propylthiouracil inhibits thyroid peroxidase, an enzyme essential for thyroid hormone synthesis. By blocking this enzyme, propylthiouracil reduces the production of thyroid hormones, helping to manage hyperthyroidism in Graves' disease. Explanation: 1. Propylthiouracil directly inhibits thyroid peroxidase, unlike other antithyroid medications that target different mechanisms. 2. Inhibition of thyroid peroxidase leads to decreased synthesis of thyroid hormones, effectively controlling hyperthyroidism. 3. Other choices are incorrect because propylthiouracil does not primarily affect the production of thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (choice A), peripheral conversion of T4 to T3 (choice C), or iodine organification (choice D) in the treatment of Graves' disease. In summary, the inhibition of thyroid peroxidase by

Question 4

We have a 48-year-old female patient with a history of myasthenia gravis. She has been treated with an oral acetylcholinesterase inhibitor for several years and has done well till now. She presents with muscle weakness and other signs and symptoms that could reflect either a cholinergic crisis (excess dosages of her maintenance drug) or a myasthenic crisis (insufficient treatment). We will use a rapidly acting parenteral acetylcholinesterase inhibitor (AChE) to help make the differential diagnosis. Which of the following drugs would be most appropriate for this use?

  1. A. Edrophonium
  2. B. Malathion
  3. C. Physostigmine
  4. D. Pralidoxime
Show answer and rationale

Correct answer: A — Edrophonium

The correct answer is A: Edrophonium. Edrophonium is a short-acting acetylcholinesterase inhibitor that can help differentiate between a cholinergic crisis and a myasthenic crisis. In this scenario, administering edrophonium will temporarily increase acetylcholine levels at the neuromuscular junction. If the patient's symptoms improve following edrophonium administration, it suggests a myasthenic crisis due to insufficient treatment. On the other hand, if the symptoms worsen, it indicates a cholinergic crisis due to excess dosages of the maintenance drug. Choice B: Malathion is an organophosphate insecticide and is not used for diagnosing myasthenia gravis. Choice C: Physostigmine is a longer-acting acetylcholinesterase inhibitor and is not appropriate for rapidly assessing the patient's condition in this scenario. Choice D: Pralidoxime is used as an antidote for organophosphate

Question 5

Which of the following statements is true?

  1. A. The hypothalamus makes oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone, which are transported to the posterior pituitary for storage.
  2. B. Antidiuretic hormone, released by the posterior pituitary, causes urine volume to increase and blood volume to decrease.
  3. C. Luteinizing hormone, an anterior pituitary hormone, triggers ovulation of an egg from the ovary and causes the ruptured follicle to produce progesterone and some estrogens.
  4. D. Hyposecretion of follicle-stimulating hormone or luteinizing hormone leads to sterility in both males and females.
Show answer and rationale

Correct answer: A — The hypothalamus makes oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone, which are transported to the posterior pituitary for storage.

Rationale for Choice A: 1. The hypothalamus produces oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone (ADH). 2. These hormones are transported via the hypothalamic-pituitary portal system to the posterior pituitary for storage. 3. When needed, the posterior pituitary releases these hormones into the bloodstream. 4. Oxytocin is involved in labor and milk ejection, while ADH regulates water balance by increasing water reabsorption in the kidneys. Summary of other Choices: B. Incorrect - ADH, when released, causes urine volume to decrease and blood volume to increase by increasing water reabsorption. C. Incorrect - Luteinizing hormone triggers ovulation and stimulates progesterone production but is released by the anterior pituitary, not the hypothalamus. D. Incorrect - Hyposecretion of FSH or LH can lead to infertility, not necessarily sterility, and the effects differ between males and females.

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Question 6

The inability to produce ADH causes ______.

  1. A. diabetes mellitus.
  2. B. uterine contractions.
  3. C. diabetes insipidus.
  4. D. decreased urine volume.
Answer and rationale unlock in the Nursier study hub. Unlock answers

Question 7

We have a 48-year-old female patient with a history of myasthenia gravis. She has been treated with an oral acetylcholinesterase inhibitor for several years and has done well till now. She presents with muscle weakness and other signs and symptoms that could reflect either a cholinergic crisis (excess dosages of her maintenance drug) or a myasthenic crisis (insufficient treatment). We will use a rapidly acting parenteral acetylcholinesterase inhibitor (AChE) to help make the differential diagnosis. Which of the following drugs would be most appropriate for this use?

  1. A. Edrophonium
  2. B. Malathion
  3. C. Physostigmine
  4. D. Pralidoxime
Answer and rationale unlock in the Nursier study hub. Unlock answers

Question 8

A nurse assesses a female client who presents with hirsutism. Which question would the nurse ask when assessing this client?

  1. A. How do you plan to pay for your treatments?
  2. B. How do you feel about yourself?
  3. C. What medications are you prescribed?
  4. D. What are you doing to prevent this from happening?
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Question 9

Sometimes prolonged excessive exposure to high hormone concentrations causes a phenomenon known as ________.

  1. A. diabetes mellitus
  2. B. cellular inhibition
  3. C. down-regulation
  4. D. metabolism of protein kinases
Answer and rationale unlock in the Nursier study hub. Unlock answers

Question 10

Which of the following statements is true?

  1. A. The hypothalamus makes oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone, which are transported to the posterior pituitary for storage.
  2. B. Antidiuretic hormone, released by the posterior pituitary, causes urine volume to increase and blood volume to decrease.
  3. C. Luteinizing hormone, an anterior pituitary hormone, triggers ovulation of an egg from the ovary and causes the ruptured follicle to produce progesterone and some estrogens.
  4. D. Hyposecretion of follicle-stimulating hormone or luteinizing hormone leads to sterility in both males and females.
Answer and rationale unlock in the Nursier study hub. Unlock answers

Question 11

The inability to produce ADH causes ______.

  1. A. diabetes mellitus.
  2. B. uterine contractions.
  3. C. diabetes insipidus.
  4. D. decreased urine volume.
Answer and rationale unlock in the Nursier study hub. Unlock answers

Question 12

A nurse assesses a female client who presents with hirsutism. Which question would the nurse ask when assessing this client?

  1. A. How do you plan to pay for your treatments?
  2. B. How do you feel about yourself?
  3. C. What medications are you prescribed?
  4. D. What are you doing to prevent this from happening?
Answer and rationale unlock in the Nursier study hub. Unlock answers

Question 13

Sometimes prolonged excessive exposure to high hormone concentrations causes a phenomenon known as ________.

  1. A. diabetes mellitus
  2. B. cellular inhibition
  3. C. down-regulation
  4. D. metabolism of protein kinases
Answer and rationale unlock in the Nursier study hub. Unlock answers

Question 14

Which of the Following Hormones Are Expected to Increase in the Body After Consuming a Banana Split?

  1. A. Prolactin
  2. B. Glucagon
  3. C. Insulin
  4. D. Thyroid hormone
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Question 15

One of the two hormones made by the pituitary that help regulate reproductive cells is luteinizing hormone. The other hormone is .

  1. A. follicle-stimulating hormone
  2. B. epinephrine
  3. C. norepinephrine
  4. D. androgens
Answer and rationale unlock in the Nursier study hub. Unlock answers

About these RN exams endocrine questions

RN exams endocrine practice questions, set 3 for nursing students in the United States. Fifteen items. Five include answers and rationales in American English.

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