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LPN exams fundamentals practice questions, set 4

LPN exams · fundamentals

LPN exams fundamentals practice questions set 4

You practice vitals, infection control, documentation, and the first nursing action when a patient is unstable. Five of the 15 questions include the correct answer and rationale. The other ten keep answers in the study hub. Continue with the LPN exams exam guide or more LPN exams practice questions.

Five fundamentals questions with answers

Cover the key. Write the first action. Then open the rationale and name why the other choices fail.

Question 1

An example of non-secondary agent of socialization is

  1. A. The school
  2. B. The family
  3. C. The religious institutions
  4. D. Peer group
Show answer and rationale

Correct answer: B — The family

Agents of socialization are divided into primary and secondary categories based on their sequence and depth of influence. Primary agents, like the family, are the earliest and most foundational, instilling basic values and behaviors in an individual from infancy. Secondary agents, such as schools, religious institutions, and peer groups, exert influence later, typically after the family has established a social base. The question seeks a non-secondary agent, implying a primary one. 'The family,' is correct because it is the primary agent, shaping individuals before they engage with external systems, as supported by George Herbert Mead's theory of the self, which highlights the family's role in early identity formation. 'The school,' is a secondary agent, educating children after initial home socialization. 'The religious institutions,' and 'Peer group,' are also secondary, impacting individuals through structured settings or social interactions later in development. The family's unique position as the first and most intimate agent distinguishes it, making B the accurate choice over the secondary options.

Question 2

Which part of the sarcomere in a contracted muscle decreases in size (or may disappear completely)?

  1. A. A bands only
  2. B. H zones and I bands
  3. C. Z lines only
  4. D. A and Z bands
Show answer and rationale

Correct answer: B — H zones and I bands

In a sarcomere, the functional unit of skeletal muscle, contraction occurs via the sliding filament theory, where actin (thin) and myosin (thick) filaments slide past each other. During this process, the H zone the central region of the A band with only thick filaments shortens or vanishes as thin filaments overlap it. Similarly, the I band, containing only thin filaments on either side of the Z line, narrows as actin slides toward the sarcomere's center. The A band, spanning the thick filaments' full length, remains constant because myosin doesn't shorten, while Z lines, anchoring actin, move closer together but don't disappear. This dynamic reflects muscle shortening without altering filament lengths, driven by ATP-powered cross-bridge cycling. Electron microscopy and physiological studies confirm that contraction compresses these zones, distinguishing them from static structures like the A band. Misinterpreting these changes could confuse the sarcomere's architecture, but the consistent reduction of H zones and I bands aligns with observed muscle mechanics, critical for understanding force generation.

Question 3

The nurse is interacting with a family consisting of a mother, a father, and a hospitalized adolescent who has a diagnosis of alcohol abuse. The nurse analyzes the situation and agrees with the adolescent's view about family rules. Which intervention is most appropriate?

  1. A. The nurse should align with the adolescent, who is the family scapegoat.
  2. B. The nurse should encourage the parents to adopt more realistic rules.
  3. C. The nurse should encourage the adolescent to comply with parental rules.
  4. D. The nurse should remain objective and encourage mutual negotiation of issues.
Show answer and rationale

Correct answer: D — The nurse should remain objective and encourage mutual negotiation of issues.

Step-by-step rationale for why answer D is correct: 1. Remaining objective: It is important for the nurse to stay neutral and unbiased in order to facilitate effective communication and problem-solving within the family. 2. Encouraging mutual negotiation: By encouraging mutual negotiation, the nurse promotes a collaborative approach where all family members can express their views and work towards consensus. 3. Respecting autonomy: This approach respects the autonomy of all family members, including the adolescent, while still promoting a healthy resolution of conflicts. 4. Building healthy communication: Encouraging negotiation helps improve communication skills within the family and fosters a sense of understanding and cooperation. Summary of why other choices are incorrect: A: Aligning with the adolescent as the scapegoat is not appropriate as it may perpetuate dysfunctional family dynamics. B: Encouraging parents to adopt more realistic rules may not address the underlying issues and may not involve the adolescent in the decision-making process. C: Encouraging the adolescent to comply with

Question 4

A malpractice lawsuit was filed after a nurse restrained the client for screaming at and attempting to strike anyone who was within striking distance. The nurse followed agency procedures that were consistent with Joint Commission Standards. For which reason is this malpractice lawsuit most likely to be unsuccessful?

  1. A. The nurse did not have a duty.
  2. B. The nurse did not breach duty.
  3. C. The client did not suffer some type of loss, damage, or injury.
  4. D. There was no evidence that a breach of duty was a direct cause of the loss, damage, or injury.
Show answer and rationale

Correct answer: B — The nurse did not breach duty.

For a malpractice suit to be successful, the client or family needs to prove the following four elements: (1) Duty: a legally recognized relationship (i.e., physician to client, nurse to client) existed. The nurse had a duty to the client, meaning that the nurse was acting in the capacity of a nurse. (2) Breach of duty: the nurse (or physician) failed to conform to standards of care, thereby breaching or failing the existing duty. The nurse did not act as a reasonable, prudent nurse would have acted in similar circumstances. (3) Injury or damage: the client suffered some type of loss, damage, or injury. (4) Causation: the breach of duty was the direct cause of the loss, damage, or injury. In other words, the loss, damage, or injury would not have occurred if the nurse had acted in a reasonable, prudent manner. The nurse did have a duty to the client. The nurse did not breach this duty by the nursing actions. The client did experience loss of autonomy from being restrained. Since there was no breach of duty, there was no evidence that a breach of duty was a direct cause of the loss, damage, or injury.

Question 5

While performing an assessment, the nurse says to a patient, 'While growing up, most of us heard some half-truths about sexual matters that continue to puzzle us as adults. Do any come to your mind now?' The purpose of this question is to

  1. A. identify areas of sexual dysfunction for treatment.
  2. B. determine possible homosexual urges.
  3. C. introduce the topic of masturbation.
  4. D. identify sexual misinformation.
Show answer and rationale

Correct answer: D — identify sexual misinformation.

The correct answer is D: identify sexual misinformation. The nurse's question aims to uncover any misconceptions or false information the patient may have received about sexual matters in the past. By identifying these misinformation, the nurse can address and correct them to promote the patient's sexual health and well-being. Explanation: 1. The nurse's question specifically targets the patient's recollection of "half-truths about sexual matters," indicating a focus on misinformation. 2. By asking the patient if any of these half-truths still puzzle them as adults, the nurse seeks to identify areas where the patient may have received incorrect information. 3. Addressing sexual misinformation is crucial for promoting accurate knowledge, healthy attitudes, and behaviors related to sexuality. Summary: A: Incorrect. The question does not directly aim to identify areas of sexual dysfunction for treatment. B: Incorrect. The question does not target determining possible homosexual urges but rather focuses on uncovering sexual misinformation. C: Incorrect. The question does not introduce the

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Question 6

A nurse is teaching about lifestyle factors that can affect male fertility. Which recommendation is appropriate?

  1. A. Limit exposure to high temperatures, such as saunas.
  2. B. Increase calorie intake to boost sperm production.
  3. C. Use over-the-counter supplements to improve sperm quality.
  4. D. Avoid physical activity to conserve energy for reproduction.
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Question 7

There is great variation among individual responses to the same stressor. In addition to age, nutritional status, and genetic inheritance, which additional factor influences the expression of stress response and reflects the complex psychological processing involved?

  1. A. The type of stressor.
  2. B. The amount of stress.
  3. C. The context of the stressful event.
  4. D. The individual9s appraisal of the stressor.
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Question 8

A patient with borderline personality disorder has been making steady progress but one day gets a phone call from her boyfriend, who breaks off their relationship. Although she has not self-injured in over 2 months, she makes repeated lacerations on her forearm. Which statement about this and most maladaptive behaviors seen in personality disorders is most accurate?

  1. A. People with personality disorders rarely achieve lasting improvement.
  2. B. However dysfunctional, most behavior is the person's best effort to cope.
  3. C. People with personality disorders are at the mercy of others' actions.
  4. D. What appears to be improvement can be manipulation instead.
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Question 9

While en route back to your station from a call, you discover that you forgot to include important patient information on your patient care report. Which of the following would be most appropriate at this point?

  1. A. Document the information on the back of your original patient care report
  2. B. Contact the emergency department staff and notify them of your error
  3. C. Complete an addendum, and return to the hospital to add it to the report
  4. D. Do nothing since you already left a copy of the patient care report at the hospital
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Question 10

The act of utilizing the environment of the patient to assist him in his recovery is theorized by

  1. A. Nightingale
  2. B. Benner
  3. C. Swanson
  4. D. King
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Question 11

The nurse is teaching the parents of a 15-year-old who is being treated for acute myelogenous leukemia about the side effects of chemotherapy. For which of the following symptoms should the parents seek medical care immediately?

  1. A. Earache, stiff neck or sore throat
  2. B. Blisters, ulcers or a rash appear
  3. C. A temperature of 101.5 degrees Fahrenheit
  4. D. Difficulty or pain when swallowing
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Question 12

How should a healthcare professional assess a patient with hyperkalemia?

  1. A. Monitor ECG and administer insulin
  2. B. Monitor blood glucose levels and provide fluids
  3. C. Monitor for muscle weakness and administer calcium gluconate
  4. D. Monitor electrolyte levels and provide potassium supplements
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Question 13

Which of the following actions should the nurse take to use a wide base support when assisting a client to get up in a chair?

  1. A. Bend at the waist and place arms under the client's arms and lift
  2. B. Face the client, bend knees and place hands on client's forearm and lift
  3. C. Spread his or her feet apart
  4. D. Tighten his or her pelvic muscles
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Question 14

In the Commission to Build a Healthier America, presented by the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, education attainment is linked with health through which three major interrelated pathways:

  1. A. healthy college, employment benefits, and social and psychological factors
  2. B. teacher behaviours, educational tuition, and institution location
  3. C. health knowledge and behaviours, employment and income, and social and psychological factors
  4. D. health promotion and behaviours, employment and income, and cognitive therapy
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Question 15

A challenge faced with antiretroviral therapy (ART) is:

  1. A. Patients abusing ART
  2. B. Drug-resistant mutations of HIV
  3. C. Reduction of transmissibility of HIV
  4. D. Lack of efficacy data
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About these LPN exams fundamentals questions

LPN exams fundamentals practice questions, set 4 for nursing students in the United States. Fifteen items. Five include answers and rationales in American English.

No. Nursier is independent practice. Register through the official path named on the LPN exams exam guide.

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