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LPN exams fundamentals practice questions, set 36

LPN exams · fundamentals

LPN exams fundamentals practice questions set 36

You practice vitals, infection control, documentation, and the first nursing action when a patient is unstable. Five of the 15 questions include the correct answer and rationale. The other ten keep answers in the study hub. Continue with the LPN exams exam guide or more LPN exams practice questions.

Five fundamentals questions with answers

Cover the key. Write the first action. Then open the rationale and name why the other choices fail.

Question 1

The nurse is caring for a patient in the operating suite who is experiencing hypercarbia, tachypnea, tachycardia, premature ventricular contractions, and muscle rigidity. Which condition does the nurse suspect the patient is experiencing?

  1. A. Malignant hyperthermia
  2. B. Fluid imbalance
  3. C. Hemorrhage
  4. D. Hypoxia
Show answer and rationale

Correct answer: A — Malignant hyperthermia

The correct answer is A: Malignant hyperthermia. Hypercarbia, tachypnea, tachycardia, premature ventricular contractions, and muscle rigidity are characteristic signs of malignant hyperthermia, a rare but life-threatening reaction to certain anesthetics. This condition is triggered by an abnormal response to specific anesthetic agents, leading to increased muscle metabolism, hyperthermia, and potentially fatal complications. Prompt recognition and treatment, including discontinuation of triggering agents, administration of dantrolene, and supportive care, are crucial. B: Fluid imbalance is incorrect because the symptoms described are not typically associated with fluid imbalance. C: Hemorrhage is incorrect as it does not typically present with the combination of symptoms mentioned. D: Hypoxia is incorrect as it usually presents with different clinical manifestations such as cyanosis, confusion, and respiratory distress.

Question 2

A client with a tracheostomy is being taught by a nurse and their family how to care for the tracheostomy at home. Which of the following should the nurse include in the teaching?

  1. A. Use tracheostomy covers when outdoors.
  2. B. Clean the tracheostomy with alcohol.
  3. C. Replace the tracheostomy tube every week.
  4. D. Cover the tracheostomy with a wet cloth when sleeping.
Show answer and rationale

Correct answer: A — Use tracheostomy covers when outdoors.

Using tracheostomy covers when outdoors is essential to protect the tracheostomy from dust and debris, reducing the risk of infection. Tracheostomy covers help maintain cleanliness and prevent foreign particles from entering the stoma. Choice B is incorrect because cleaning the tracheostomy with alcohol can be too harsh and drying for the skin surrounding the stoma, leading to skin irritation. Choice C is incorrect as tracheostomy tubes are typically replaced only when clinically indicated or as per the healthcare provider's instructions, not routinely every week, to prevent unnecessary risks and complications. Choice D is incorrect as covering the tracheostomy with a wet cloth when sleeping can create a moist environment ideal for bacterial growth, increasing the risk of infection and skin breakdown. It is important to keep the tracheostomy site clean, dry, and protected to maintain optimal hygiene and prevent complications.

Question 3

A focus of healthcare today is community-based care. What is community-based care?

  1. A. care provided to patients within a defined geographic area
  2. B. a focus on providing appropriate care for mental health
  3. C. a focus on the health of the community
  4. D. an emphasis on population-based care
Show answer and rationale

Correct answer: C — a focus on the health of the community

The correct answer is C: a focus on the health of the community. Community-based care emphasizes promoting health and wellness within the community, addressing the specific needs and challenges of the population. This approach involves collaboration with community members, organizations, and resources to improve overall health outcomes. This choice directly aligns with the concept of community-based care, reflecting a comprehensive and holistic approach to healthcare. Summary of other choices: A: While care may be provided within a defined area in community-based care, the focus is not solely on geography but on the community's overall health. B: Community-based care is not limited to mental health but encompasses all aspects of healthcare. D: Population-based care is a broader concept that focuses on health outcomes at the population level, whereas community-based care is more specific to the community's health needs.

Question 4

The nurse is caring for a patient who is about to have surgery. Which intervention will be included in the patient's care to meet the goals for risk for perioperative positioning injury related to immobilization during surgical procedure?

  1. A. Use adequate assistance to move patient onto the OR table.
  2. B. Watch for early signs of hypovolemia caused by patient's NPO status since midnight.
  3. C. Use therapeutic touch and guided imagery to allay patient's fears of surgery.
  4. D. Pad all bony prominences and avoid hyperextension of extremities.
Show answer and rationale

Correct answer: D — Pad all bony prominences and avoid hyperextension of extremities.

Pad all bony prominences and avoid hyperextension of extremities,' as it directly addresses the risk for perioperative positioning injury due to immobilization. Padding protects skin and bones from pressure ulcers, while avoiding hyperextension prevents joint or nerve damage during prolonged stillness key goals for this nursing diagnosis. 'Use adequate assistance' (A) ensures safe transfer but doesn't mitigate positioning risks once on the table. 'Watch for hypovolemia' (B) relates to fluid status, not positioning injury. 'Therapeutic touch and imagery' (C) reduces anxiety, not physical risk from immobilization. In nursing, proper positioning (e.g., padding heels, aligning limbs) is critical during surgery to prevent complications like neuropathy or skin breakdown, aligning with safety standards. D's specificity to immobilization hazards distinguishes it as the best intervention per NCLEX Reduction of Risk Potential criteria.

Question 5

You are called to a scene for a 48-year-old male presenting with sudden onset of severe shortness of breath, tachypnea, and a rapid pulse. He is alert and oriented, and physical exam reveals a swollen right calf with tenderness. Which condition is most likely causing his symptoms?

  1. A. Acute myocardial infarction
  2. B. Pulmonary embolism
  3. C. Tension pneumothorax
  4. D. Severe asthma attack
Show answer and rationale

Correct answer: B — Pulmonary embolism

The correct answer is B: Pulmonary embolism. Given the sudden onset of severe shortness of breath, tachypnea, rapid pulse, and swollen right calf with tenderness, the most likely diagnosis is a pulmonary embolism. A pulmonary embolism occurs when a blood clot travels to the lungs, blocking blood flow. This leads to symptoms of shortness of breath, tachypnea, and rapid pulse. The swollen right calf with tenderness suggests a possible deep vein thrombosis, which can lead to a pulmonary embolism. The other choices are less likely because they do not fully encompass the patient's presentation and physical exam findings. A myocardial infarction typically presents with chest pain, not solely shortness of breath and calf swelling. Tension pneumothorax presents with respiratory distress and decreased breath sounds, not calf swelling. Severe asthma attack may cause shortness of breath but is less likely to present with a swollen calf.

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Question 6

A client diagnosed with borderline personality disorder (BPD) brings up a conflict with the staff in a community meeting and develops a following of clients who unreasonably demand modification of unit rules. Which approach is best for the nursing staff to implement?

  1. A. Allow the clients to apply the democratic process when developing unit rules.
  2. B. Maintain consistency of care by open communication to avoid staff manipulation.
  3. C. Allow the client spokesperson to verbalize concerns during a unit staff meeting.
  4. D. Maintain unit order by the application of autocratic leadership.
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Question 7

A nurse is caring for a middle-aged client who states, 'I haven't had a physical exam for over a decade because I've been healthy.' Which nursing response promotes health for this client?

  1. A. You should schedule an exam soon because many conditions develop without symptoms.'
  2. B. It's good you've been healthy, but you don't need an exam unless you feel sick.'
  3. C. You're probably fine, but check with your doctor just to be sure.'
  4. D. Middle age is when you can stop worrying about exams if you feel okay.'
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Question 8

What is the main purpose of the placenta during pregnancy?

  1. A. Excrete waste products from the fetus
  2. B. Provide oxygen and nutrients to the fetus
  3. C. Support implantation
  4. D. Secrete estrogen
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Question 9

During the pre-election phase for unionization, which actions by union representatives are prohibited by the National Labor Relations Board? Select one that does not apply

  1. A. Scheduling a meeting in the agency's cafeteria to determine employees' interest in unionization
  2. B. Distributing non-documented information that female nurses receive lower annual performance evaluations than do male nurses
  3. C. Distributing information about the benefits of unionization and grievances in a public parking garage located across from the hospital
  4. D. Suggesting to workers the likelihood of job loss should the union not win the election
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Question 10

A group of skeletal muscles, their associated blood vessels, and associated nerves with a common function.

  1. A. compartment
  2. B. anal triangle
  3. C. diaphragm
  4. D. aponeurosis
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Question 11

The hospital has an annual campaign in which the staff is divided into two teams to raise money for hospital special events. The team raising the most money gets possession of a 'trophy' designed by the administrative staff. This is an example of which type of conflict

  1. A. A conflict that is disruptive to the work of the hospital
  2. B. A competitive conflict that is positive to the work environment
  3. C. An intragroup conflict that is not appropriate in health care
  4. D. A felt conflict that will result in unresolved feelings of frustration
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Question 12

Which of the following statements is true of a living will?

  1. A. A living will goes into effect when a resident dies and leaves a large estate that needs to be distributed.
  2. B. A living will is an important part of a resident's wishes regarding his inheritance.
  3. C. A living will is a document that states the medical care a resident wants or does not want if he becomes unable to make those decisions.
  4. D. A living will helps a resident decide who will manage his financial affairs when he is no longer able to do that.
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Question 13

A nurse is discussing dietary issues with a client in the clinic. The client states, 'My grandparent always told me that I needed to include milk in my diet so that my muscles would grow.' The information that the client is expressing is known as what?

  1. A. Authoritative knowledge
  2. B. Traditional knowledge
  3. C. Scientific knowledge
  4. D. Philosophy
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Question 14

Pulmonary rehabilitation is one of the most effective interventions in the management of COPD. The primary goals of this program are to:

  1. A. Ensure the patient eats appropriately, takes their medication as prescribed and exercises every day.
  2. B. Involve the patient in the multidisciplinary team and knows how to manage their condition.
  3. C. Reduce symptoms, improved QOL, increase physical and emotional participation in everyday life.
  4. D. Prevent deterioration, avoid hospitalisation and support the carers.
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Question 15

Unlike psychophysiologic disorder Linda may be best managed with:

  1. A. Medical regimen
  2. B. Milieu therapy
  3. C. Stress management technique.
  4. D. Psychotherapy
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About these LPN exams fundamentals questions

LPN exams fundamentals practice questions, set 36 for nursing students in the United States. Fifteen items. Five include answers and rationales in American English.

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