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LPN exams cardiovascular practice questions, set 18

LPN exams · cardiovascular

LPN exams cardiovascular practice questions set 18

You read heart failure, perfusion, and blood-pressure stems and decide what to do before the patient declines. Five of the 15 questions include the correct answer and rationale. The other ten keep answers in the study hub. Continue with the LPN exams exam guide or more LPN exams practice questions.

Five cardiovascular questions with answers

Cover the key. Write the first action. Then open the rationale and name why the other choices fail.

Question 1

A laboratory finding of aplastic anaemia

  1. A. Pancytopaenia
  2. B. Erythrocytosis
  3. C. Bone marrow hypercellularity
  4. D. Reticulocytosis
Show answer and rationale

Correct answer: A — Pancytopaenia

Rationale: 1. Aplastic anemia is characterized by bone marrow failure, leading to decreased production of all blood cell types. 2. Pancytopenia refers to low levels of red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets, consistent with aplastic anemia. 3. Erythrocytosis is an increase in red blood cell count, contradictory to the reduced production in aplastic anemia. 4. Bone marrow hypercellularity indicates increased cellularity, opposite to the hypocellularity seen in aplastic anemia. 5. Reticulocytosis is an elevated number of immature red blood cells, which is not typically seen in the context of bone marrow failure in aplastic anemia. Summary: A is correct as it aligns with the characteristic pancytopenia in aplastic anemia. B, C, and D are incorrect due to their inconsistency with the pathophysiology of the condition.

Question 2

A 16-year-old female patient with severe factor XI deficiency presents with acute appendicitis and requires urgent surgery. You are called by the surgeon, who wants to know what, if any, blood products or treatments are required to reduce the risk of perioperative bleeding. The patient weighs 62 kg. What should you tell him to administer?

  1. A. Cryoprecipitate (five units), which will likely raise her factor XI level to 20%
  2. B. Factor XI concentrate (20 units/kg), which will raise her factor XI level to 20%
  3. C. Fresh frozen plasma (20 mL/kg), which will raise her factor XI level to 20%
  4. D. Prothrombin complex concentrate (40 units/kg), which will raise her factor XI level to 20%
Show answer and rationale

Correct answer: C — Fresh frozen plasma (20 mL/kg), which will raise her factor XI level to 20%

The correct answer is C: Fresh frozen plasma (20 mL/kg), which will raise her factor XI level to 20%. Fresh frozen plasma contains various clotting factors, including factor XI. In a patient with severe factor XI deficiency, administering fresh frozen plasma can increase factor XI levels and help reduce the risk of perioperative bleeding. The dose of 20 mL/kg is appropriate for this patient's weight of 62 kg. Cryoprecipitate (choice A) may contain factor XI but is not the optimal choice for raising factor XI levels specifically. Factor XI concentrate (choice B) would be ideal but is not commonly available, making fresh frozen plasma a more practical option. Prothrombin complex concentrate (choice D) primarily contains factors II, VII, IX, and X, but not factor XI, so it would not effectively raise factor XI levels in this patient.

Question 3

A 4-year-old has acute glomerulonephritis and is admitted to the hospital. An appropriate nursing diagnosis for this child should be

  1. A. Risk for Urinary Tract Injury Related to Loss of Blood in Urine.
  2. B. Excess Fluid Volume Related to Decreased Plasma Filtration.
  3. C. Risk for Infection Related to Hypertension.
  4. D. Disturbed Personal Identity Related to a Chronic Disease.
Show answer and rationale

Correct answer: B — Excess Fluid Volume Related to Decreased Plasma Filtration.

The correct answer is B: Excess Fluid Volume Related to Decreased Plasma Filtration. In acute glomerulonephritis, the glomeruli are inflamed, leading to decreased filtration of plasma and retention of fluid. This results in excess fluid volume. This nursing diagnosis addresses the specific physiological issue of fluid retention in this condition. A: Risk for Urinary Tract Injury is not directly related to acute glomerulonephritis but rather to other factors such as urinary obstruction or trauma. C: Risk for Infection is not the priority nursing diagnosis in acute glomerulonephritis. Hypertension is a common complication, but infection risk is not directly related to the condition. D: Disturbed Personal Identity is not a relevant nursing diagnosis in this case as it does not address the physiological issue of fluid volume excess.

Question 4

You receive a phone call from a community pediatrician who is caring for a 2-year-old toddler with a cancer predisposition syndrome. The pediatrician describes a child at the 95th percentile for height and weight with a history of corrective oral surgery to reduce a large tongue and a history of an omphalocele in infancy. The pediatrician is currently performing ultrasound of the abdomen and laboratory evaluation for this patient every 3 months. Which tumor is this patient most at risk of developing?

  1. A. Pleuropulmonary blastoma
  2. B. Hepatocellular carcinoma
  3. C. Cystic nephroma
  4. D. Nephroblastoma
Show answer and rationale

Correct answer: D — Nephroblastoma

Step-by-step rationale for why the correct answer is D, Nephroblastoma: 1. The child has a cancer predisposition syndrome, likely Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS). 2. BWS is associated with an increased risk of developing Wilms tumor (nephroblastoma). 3. The large tongue, omphalocele, and overgrowth placing the child at the 95th percentile for height and weight are all characteristic features of BWS. 4. Therefore, the patient is most at risk of developing nephroblastoma. Summary of why the other choices are incorrect: A: Pleuropulmonary blastoma - Not typically associated with BWS or the described clinical features. B: Hepatocellular carcinoma - Not commonly linked to BWS or the clinical presentation provided. C: Cystic nephroma - Not a typical tumor associated with BWS or the clinical findings described in the patient.

Question 5

A female infant is diagnosed with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) not associated with an Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection. In taking the family history, you learn that another female infant died of HLH 2 years ago. Also, a newborn female child died of an unknown disease 4 years prior and was said have been bleeding profusely, jaundiced, and had a distended abdomen. When counseling the family about the genetics of HLH, how will you explain it?

  1. A. It is an X-linked syndrome
  2. B. It is an autosomal recessive syndrome
  3. C. It is a dominant inheritance syndrome
  4. D. It is an autosomal recessive syndrome with incomplete penetrance
Show answer and rationale

Correct answer: B — It is an autosomal recessive syndrome

The correct answer is B: It is an autosomal recessive syndrome. HLH is typically inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern, meaning both parents must pass on a copy of the mutated gene for the child to develop the condition. In this case, the family history suggests a pattern of multiple affected female infants, which is more indicative of an autosomal recessive inheritance. Choice A (X-linked syndrome) is incorrect because the pattern of inheritance in this family does not align with X-linked inheritance. Choice C (dominant inheritance syndrome) is incorrect because a dominant inheritance pattern would not typically result in multiple affected offspring. Choice D (autosomal recessive syndrome with incomplete penetrance) is incorrect because incomplete penetrance would not explain the consistent occurrence of HLH in this family.

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Ten more LPN exams cardiovascular questions

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Question 6

A 12-year-old patient with localized osteosarcoma is being treated with cisplatin, doxorubicin, and high-dose methotrexate. The pain at his primary site rapidly resolves after initiation of chemotherapy. After tumor resection, pathology reveals the tumor was greater than 95% necrotic. You want to continue cisplatin, doxorubicin, and high-dose methotrexate. Which of the following is the best answer regarding the evaluations that should be performed to monitor for toxicity in patients receiving cisplatin, doxorubicin, and high-dose methotrexate?

  1. A. Complete blood count, creatinine, liver function tests
  2. B. Complete blood count, serum electrolytes (sodium, potassium, BUN, chloride), and EKG to monitor for prolonged QTc
  3. C. Complete blood count, creatinine, serum magnesium, audiogram, and echocardiogram
  4. D. Complete blood count, creatinine, serum magnesium, chest x-ray
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Question 7

A patient with schizophrenia is admitted to the psychiatric unit in an acutely disturbed, violent state. He is given several doses of haloperidol (Haldol) and becomes calm and The patient has _________ , and the nurse should _________.

  1. A. a dystonic reaction…administer PRN IM benztropine (Cogentin)
  2. B. tardive dyskinesia…seek a change in the drug or its dosage
  3. C. waxy flexibility…continue treatment with antipsychotic drugs
  4. D. akathisia…administer PRN diphenhydramine (Benadryl) PO
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Question 8

Which of the following antienzymes is a proteolysis inhibitor?

  1. A. Contrical
  2. B. Sulbactam
  3. C. Aminocaproic acid
  4. D. Disulfiram
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Question 9

A 6-year-old boy is noted to have worsening visual acuity on serial eye exams. Recent MRI of his brain and orbits reveals an optic chiasm mass, most consistent with an optic pathway glioma. Upon further examination, the physician notes axillary freckling and numerous “spots” on the patient's skin. This patient most likely has a which of the following genetic disorders?

  1. A. Neurofibromatosis type-1 (NF1)
  2. B. Li Fraumeni syndrome
  3. C. Tuberous sclerosis
  4. D. Cystic Fibrosis
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Question 10

A study is designed to investigate the rates of central line–associated blood stream infections among pediatric hematology/oncology patients. Three common central line types (totally implanted catheter [port], peripherally inserted central catheter [PICC], and tunneled externalized catheter [TEC]) were included in the study. What data structure is central line type?

  1. A. Continuous
  2. B. Dichotomous
  3. C. Nominal
  4. D. Ordinal
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Question 11

A 55-year-old woman with a long history of poorly controlled essential hypertension had recently added atenolol to her therapeutic regimen. Which of the following was most likely a primary mechanism that mediated the antihypertensive effect of atenolol in this patient?

  1. A. Dilation of large veins
  2. B. Inhibition of epinephrine release from the adrenal medulla
  3. C. Blockade of beta receptors of the vascular wall
  4. D. Decreased sympathetic outflow from vasomotor area
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Question 12

What happened in the 10 years after the United Nations Office of Drug Control (UNODC) proclaimed as their slogan in 1998, “A drug-free world: We can do it!”?

  1. A. The global production and sale of heroin was cut in half by tough anti-drug trafficking measures.
  2. B. The production and sale of heroin doubled worldwide.
  3. C. A conglomerate of 42 dissenting nations, led by Bolivia, started campaigning for the repeal of the Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs.
  4. D. 4000 illegal opium farms were registered as legal opium farms (producing opium for the legal pharmaceutical industry).
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Question 13

A family member asks a mental health nurse, “I am reading a lot of information about gene therapy in the news lately. Will gene therapy be able to help my spouse, who has schizophrenia?” Which response by the nurse is best?

  1. A. “Gene therapy for schizophrenia is common in Europe but has not yet become popular in the United States.”
  2. B. “Gene therapy for schizophrenia is available, but the high cost prohibits most people from taking advantage of it.”
  3. C. “Gene therapy is still an experimental field and is not likely to be used to treat mental health disorders in the near future.”
  4. D. “Gene therapy has already shown promise in treating schizophrenia, but not enough large-scale studies have been carried out to date.”
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Question 14

Which of the following is the best action by the nurse?

  1. A. Administer the metoprolol (Lopressor) and the hydrochlorothiazide (HydroDiuril), hold the captopril (Copoten), and notify the physician.
  2. B. Administer the captopril (Capoten) and the hydrochlorothiazide (HydroDiuril), hold the metoprolol (Lepressor), and notify the physican.
  3. C. Administer all the medications and notify the physician.
  4. D. Withhold all the medications and notify the physician.
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Question 15

When developing a teaching plan for a 61-yr-old patient with multiple risk factors for coronary artery disease (CAD), the nurse should focus primarily on the

  1. A. family history of coronary artery disease.
  2. B. elevated low-density lipoprotein (LDL) level.
  3. C. increased risk associated with the patient’s gender.
  4. D. increased risk of cardiovascular disease as people age.
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About these LPN exams cardiovascular questions

LPN exams cardiovascular practice questions, set 18 for nursing students in the United States. Fifteen items. Five include answers and rationales in American English.

No. Nursier is independent practice. Register through the official path named on the LPN exams exam guide.

The first five questions already include the rationale. Start full practice to unlock the remaining keys, missed-question review, and the rest of the bank.

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