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RN exams medical-surgical practice questions, set 37

RN exams · medical-surgical

RN exams medical-surgical practice questions set 37

You practice adult health stems across systems, then name the action that changes the outcome. Five of the 15 questions include the correct answer and rationale. The other ten keep answers in the study hub. Continue with the RN exams exam guide or more RN exams practice questions.

Five medical-surgical questions with answers

Cover the key. Write the first action. Then open the rationale and name why the other choices fail.

Question 1

Which of the following conditions is characterized by an abnormal enlargement of the prostate gland, leading to lower urinary tract symptoms such as urinary hesitancy, weak urinary stream, and incomplete bladder emptying?

  1. A. Prostate cancer
  2. B. Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)
  3. C. Prostatitis
  4. D. Prostate adenoma
Show answer and rationale

Correct answer: B — Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a condition characterized by an abnormal enlargement of the prostate gland, which is non-cancerous. This enlargement can lead to lower urinary tract symptoms such as urinary hesitancy (difficulty starting the urine stream), weak urinary stream, incomplete bladder emptying, frequent urination, urgency, and nocturia. BPH is a common condition in aging men and is not usually associated with prostate cancer. Other conditions like prostate cancer, prostatitis, and prostate adenoma may present with similar symptoms, but BPH is specifically characterized by the non-cancerous enlargement of the prostate gland. Treatment for BPH may include medications to improve symptoms or surgical procedures to reduce the size of the prostate gland.

Question 2

The nurse is caring for a patient with pneumonia. Which intervention is most effective in preventing complications associated with pneumonia?

  1. A. Encourage fluid intake.
  2. B. Administer antibiotics as prescribed.
  3. C. Perform chest physiotherapy.
  4. D. Encourage deep breathing and coughing exercises.
Show answer and rationale

Correct answer: D — Encourage deep breathing and coughing exercises.

Encouraging deep breathing and coughing exercises is the most effective intervention for preventing complications associated with pneumonia. These exercises help clear secretions from the lungs, improve oxygenation, and prevent pneumonia-related complications such as atelectasis and respiratory infections. While encouraging fluid intake is important for hydration and overall health, it is not as directly impactful on preventing complications specific to pneumonia. Administering antibiotics as prescribed is essential for treating the infection but does not directly address prevention of complications. Chest physiotherapy can be beneficial for airway clearance but may not be as effective as deep breathing and coughing exercises in preventing pneumonia complications.

Question 3

The nurse is bathing a client and discovers a pressure ulcer on the buttocks. Which nursing intervention, following completion of the bath, is completed first?

  1. A. Position the client off of the ulcer.
  2. B. Massage the ulcerated area vigorously.
  3. C. Place antibiotic cream over the ulcerated area.
  4. D. Notify the health care provider and await orders.
Show answer and rationale

Correct answer: A — Position the client off of the ulcer.

The correct answer is A: Position the client off of the ulcer. This is the first intervention because it helps relieve pressure on the affected area, promoting healing and preventing further damage. By repositioning the client, blood flow is improved, reducing the risk of further tissue breakdown. Choice B (Massage the ulcerated area vigorously) is incorrect as it can cause further damage to the already compromised tissue. Choice C (Place antibiotic cream over the ulcerated area) should only be done after proper assessment and orders from the healthcare provider. Choice D (Notify the health care provider and await orders) is important, but repositioning the client to relieve pressure should be the immediate priority to prevent worsening of the pressure ulcer.

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT a function of innate immunity?

  1. A. Killing virally infected cells
  2. B. Phagocytosis
  3. C. Activating adaptive immunity
  4. D. Producing antigen-specific antibodies
Show answer and rationale

Correct answer: D — Producing antigen-specific antibodies

The correct answer is D. Innate immunity does not involve producing antigen-specific antibodies. This is because innate immunity is the first line of defense against pathogens and does not have the ability to produce antibodies that target specific antigens. Instead, innate immunity works through mechanisms like phagocytosis and killing infected cells to eliminate pathogens. Choices A, B, and C are functions of innate immunity. A - Killing virally infected cells is a common function of innate immunity. B - Phagocytosis is the process by which immune cells engulf and destroy pathogens, a key function of innate immunity. C - Activating adaptive immunity is also a role of innate immunity, as it helps initiate the adaptive immune response for a more targeted defense.

Question 5

A nurse is assessing a client who has a pressure ulcer on the sacrum. Which finding indicates a possible infection of the wound?

  1. A. Serous drainage
  2. B. Reddened periwound skin
  3. C. Increased pain and tenderness
  4. D. Granulation tissue formation
Show answer and rationale

Correct answer: C — Increased pain and tenderness

Increased pain and tenderness is the correct answer, indicating a possible infection in the pressure ulcer. Infection triggers an inflammatory response, heightening nerve sensitivity and causing more pain and tenderness, a shift from baseline that warrants a culture and provider input. Serous drainage is normal clear and watery unless it turns cloudy or purulent, which isn't specified here. Reddened periwound skin reflects healing-related blood flow, not infection, unless spreading or hot. Granulation tissue signifies healthy repair, not infection, unless it's pale or deteriorating. Pain and tenderness stand out as infection markers, as bacteria amplify inflammation, distinguishing this finding in a wound assessment and signaling a need for further investigation.

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Question 6

What IMMEDIATE danger should the nurse anticipate post Transurethral Resection of the Prostate (TURP)?

  1. A. Infection
  2. B. Thrombosis
  3. C. Bleeding
  4. D. Shock
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Question 7

Which enzyme catalyzes the following reaction? Gap 5' - G G-A-T-C-C—3' ⋮ ⋮ ⋮ ⋮ ⋮ 3' - C-C-T-A-G G—5' Gap 5' - G-G-A-T-C-C—3' ⋮ ⋮ ⋮ ⋮ ⋮ 3' - C-C-T-A-G-G—5'

  1. A. DNA ligase
  2. B. DNA endonuclease
  3. C. None of the options are correct
  4. D. DNA polymerase 1
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Question 8

What are the expected signs of increased intracranial pressure (IICP)?

  1. A. Restlessness, confusion, irritability
  2. B. Severe headache and confusion
  3. C. Elevated blood pressure and bradycardia
  4. D. Bradycardia and altered pupil response
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Question 9

Which of the following is NOT a function of innate immunity?

  1. A. Killing virally infected cells
  2. B. Phagocytosis
  3. C. Activating adaptive immunity
  4. D. Producing antigen-specific antibodies
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Question 10

Which enzyme catalyzes the following reaction? Gap 5' - G G-A-T-C-C—3' ⋮ ⋮ ⋮ ⋮ ⋮ 3' - C-C-T-A-G G—5' Gap 5' - G-G-A-T-C-C—3' ⋮ ⋮ ⋮ ⋮ ⋮ 3' - C-C-T-A-G-G—5'

  1. A. DNA ligase
  2. B. DNA endonuclease
  3. C. None of the options are correct
  4. D. DNA polymerase 1
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Question 11

Which of the following diagnostic tests is most appropriate for evaluating a woman with suspected cervical dysplasia?

  1. A. Pap smear
  2. B. Endometrial biopsy
  3. C. Colposcopy with biopsy
  4. D. Transvaginal ultrasound
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Question 12

Mutations in which of the following genes are considered a risk factor for Crohn's disease?

  1. A. TLR-4
  2. B. NOD2
  3. C. NADPH oxidase
  4. D. IL-2
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Question 13

When the staff nurses in Pediatric Ward work more than they can handle, thus, losing their enthusiasm in their work, which of the following consequences is referred to/

  1. A. Lower patient care
  2. B. Low quality patient care
  3. C. Medical errors
  4. D. Burnout
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Question 14

What dietary recommendations should a patient with GERD follow?

  1. A. Avoid mint and spicy foods
  2. B. Consume liquids between meals
  3. C. Eat three large meals per day
  4. D. Drink milk as a snack
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Question 15

You have observed presence of drainage in Claudia's eyes. Which of the following eye solution would you use in cleaning her eyes?

  1. A. Hydrochloric acid
  2. B. Mineral water
  3. C. Normal saline solution
  4. D. Soapsuds solution
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About these RN exams medical-surgical questions

RN exams medical-surgical practice questions, set 37 for nursing students in the United States. Fifteen items. Five include answers and rationales in American English.

No. Nursier is independent practice. Register through the official path named on the RN exams exam guide.

The first five questions already include the rationale. Start full practice to unlock the remaining keys, missed-question review, and the rest of the bank.

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