LPN exams safety and infection control practice questions, set 10
LPN exams · safety and infection control
LPN exams safety and infection control practice questionsset 10
You stop the harm first: isolation, falls, equipment, and the order that keeps the unit safe. Five of the 15 questions include the correct answer and rationale. The other ten keep answers in the study hub. Continue with the LPN exams exam guide or more LPN exams practice questions.
Five safety and infection control questions with answers
Cover the key. Write the first action. Then open the rationale and name why the other choices fail.
Question 1
A densely populated urban area has a high prevalence of obesity among the residents. The local government is partnering with the health department to build parks and recreation centers to promote physical activity. Which of the following is the most likely system-related barrier the program faces?
A. Genetic predisposition to obesity
B. Lack of community engagement
C. Individual client attitudes and beliefs
D. Limited financial resources
Show answer and rationale
Correct answer: D — Limited financial resources
The correct answer is D: Limited financial resources. This is the most likely system-related barrier because building parks and recreation centers require funding, and without adequate financial resources, the program may struggle to implement these initiatives effectively. Choice A (Genetic predisposition to obesity) is incorrect as it is not a system-related barrier but rather a biological factor. Choice B (Lack of community engagement) is incorrect as it pertains to community involvement rather than a system-related barrier. Choice C (Individual client attitudes and beliefs) is incorrect as it focuses on personal factors rather than system-related barriers. Ultimately, limited financial resources pose a significant challenge for the program in building the necessary infrastructure to promote physical activity in the urban area.
Question 2
A nurse is caring for a client on the medical-surgical unit. The client has been taking warfarin at home and her laboratory values reveal her INR is 3.5. The client states she is checking herself out of the hospital and refuses to wait until her provider can discuss the situation with her. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?
A. A. Tell the client she will not be permitted to leave the facility until she has signed the against medical advice (AMA) form.
B. B. Tell the client if she leaves without a written prescription for discharge, her insurance will not pay for the facility visit.
C. C. Explain the risk the client faces if she leaves the facility.
D. D. Ask the security department to guard the room to the client's door.
Show answer and rationale
Correct answer: C — C. Explain the risk the client faces if she leaves the facility.
The correct answer is C. The nurse should explain the risks the client faces if she leaves the facility with a high INR level of 3.5 while on warfarin. This is important because a high INR puts the client at risk for bleeding, which can be life-threatening. By explaining the risks, the nurse is providing the client with crucial information to help her make an informed decision about leaving against medical advice.
Choice A is incorrect because forcing the client to sign an AMA form may not be legally appropriate if the client has decision-making capacity. Choice B is incorrect because threatening the client with insurance consequences is not ethical and does not address the immediate health risk. Choice D is incorrect because involving security is not necessary in this situation and does not address the client's medical needs.
Question 3
What is the most important feature of the Diffusion of Innovation Theory?
A. It avoids high-cost treatments and suggests cheaper alternatives.
B. It gives members incentives to use only network providers.
C. It shows that individuals adopt innovations at different rates.
D. It advocates working with geographically based communities.
Show answer and rationale
Correct answer: C — It shows that individuals adopt innovations at different rates.
The correct answer is C because the most important feature of the Diffusion of Innovation Theory is that it shows individuals adopt innovations at different rates. This theory explains the process by which new ideas, products, or technologies spread through a population. It categorizes individuals into different groups based on their willingness to adopt innovations - innovators, early adopters, early majority, late majority, and laggards. Understanding these different rates of adoption is crucial for successful implementation and acceptance of innovations.
Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because they do not address the core concept of the theory. Choice A is about cost-effectiveness, B is about network providers, and D is about geographical communities, which are not the primary focus of the Diffusion of Innovation Theory.
Question 4
A nurse is caring for a client who is dying of metastatic breast cancer. She has a prescription for an opioid pain medication PRN. The nurse is concerned that administering a dose of pain medication might hasten the client's death. Which of the following ethical principles should the nurse use to support the decision not to administer the medication?
A. Utilitarianism
B. Nonmaleficence
C. Fidelity
D. Veracity
Show answer and rationale
Correct answer: B — Nonmaleficence
The correct answer is B: Nonmaleficence. Nonmaleficence is the ethical principle of doing no harm or preventing harm to the patient. In this scenario, the nurse's primary duty is to relieve the client's pain and suffering without causing harm. Administering the pain medication as prescribed would align with the principle of nonmaleficence by ensuring the client's comfort and quality of life.
Choice A, Utilitarianism, focuses on the greatest good for the greatest number, which may conflict with the individual's well-being in this case. Choice C, Fidelity, pertains to maintaining trust and being loyal to the client but does not directly address the issue of harm. Choice D, Veracity, involves telling the truth, which is important but not the primary concern when deciding whether to administer pain medication in end-of-life care.
Question 5
A nurse is caring for a client who has named a person to serve as his health care proxy. The client states he needs clarification about this type of advance directive. Which of the following statements by the client indicates a need for clarification?
A. I can change who I designate as my health care proxy at any time.
B. If I become incapacitated, end-of-life choices will be made by my proxy.
C. I have to choose a family member as my health proxy.
D. The health care proxy does not go into effect until I am incapable of making decisions.
Show answer and rationale
Correct answer: C — I have to choose a family member as my health proxy.
The correct answer is C because the statement "I have to choose a family member as my health proxy" is incorrect. The client does not have to choose a family member as their health care proxy; they can choose any trusted individual to act as their proxy. This indicates a need for clarification as the client may be under the misconception that the proxy must be a family member.
Statement A is not the correct answer because the client can indeed change their designated health care proxy at any time. Statement B is not the correct answer because end-of-life choices are typically made by the proxy only if the client is unable to make decisions themselves. Statement D is not the correct answer because the health care proxy does go into effect as soon as it is designated, not only when the client is incapable of making decisions.
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Question 6
A client has been recently admitted to an inpatient psychiatric unit. Which intervention should the nurse plan to use to reduce the client's focus on delusional thinking?
A. Present evidence that supports the reality of the situation
B. Focus on feelings suggested by the delusion
C. Address the delusion with logical explanations
D. Explore reasons why the client has the delusion
Correct answer:
The correct answer is B: Focus on feelings suggested by the delusion. This approach helps the nurse establish rapport with the client by acknowledging their emotions, fostering trust, and potentially reducing anxiety related to the delusion. By exploring the underlying feelings, the nurse can address the root cause of the delusion and work towards reducing its impact on the client's thinking.
A: Presenting evidence may not be effective as clients with delusions often have fixed beliefs that are not easily swayed by logical reasoning or evidence.
C: Addressing the delusion with logical explanations may reinforce the client's belief rather than reduce it as delusions are not based on logic.
D: Exploring reasons behind the delusion is important but may not directly address the client's immediate focus on delusional thinking.
A patient is admitted to a medical unit. The patient is fearful of hospitals. The nurse carefully assesses the patient to determine the exact fears and then establishes interventions designed to reduce these fears. In this setting how is the nurse practicing patient advocacy?
A. Seeking out the nursing supervisor to talk with the patient
B. Documenting patient fears in the medical record in a timely manner
C. Working to change the hospital environment
D. Assessing the patient's point of view and preparing to articulate it
Correct answer:
The correct answer is D because the nurse is practicing patient advocacy by actively listening to the patient's fears, understanding their perspective, and preparing to communicate this information effectively. By assessing the patient's point of view, the nurse can advocate for the patient's needs and preferences in the healthcare setting. This approach promotes patient-centered care and fosters a trusting nurse-patient relationship.
Option A is incorrect as seeking out the nursing supervisor does not directly address the patient's fears. Option B is incorrect as documenting patient fears alone does not demonstrate advocacy without taking action. Option C is incorrect as working to change the hospital environment may not necessarily address the patient's specific fears and may not be within the nurse's scope of practice.
A nurse using the intervention mapping framework to plan a community health program has selected activities to meet program goals. What is the next step in the framework?
A. Draft program messages and materials
B. Conduct a community assessment
C. Establish community partnerships
D. Develop evaluation methods
Correct answer:
The correct answer is D: Develop evaluation methods. After selecting activities to meet program goals, the next step in the intervention mapping framework is to develop evaluation methods. This step is crucial to assess the effectiveness of the program in achieving its objectives. Evaluation methods help gather data to measure the program's impact, identify areas for improvement, and ensure the program is meeting the needs of the community. It allows for evidence-based decision-making and continuous quality improvement.
Summary:
A: Draft program messages and materials - This step usually comes after developing evaluation methods.
B: Conduct a community assessment - Typically done at the initial stages of program planning.
C: Establish community partnerships - Important but usually done earlier in the planning process.
The nurse recognizes the value of hospice care in promoting quality of life at the end of life. Which of the following older adult patients reflects an eligible requirement for hospice care?
A. A patient with cancer who is living with uncontrolled persistent pain.
B. A patient who experienced a stroke and has been given 3 months to live.
C. A patient who is immobilized due to injuries and unable to afford specialized nursing care.
D. A patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) who lacks family support to provide needed care.
Correct answer:
The correct answer is A because a patient with cancer experiencing uncontrolled persistent pain meets the eligibility requirement for hospice care. Hospice care focuses on providing comfort and quality of life for patients with terminal illnesses, such as cancer. Persistent pain is a common symptom in cancer patients, and hospice care can help manage it effectively.
Choice B is incorrect because having a prognosis of 3 months to live does not automatically qualify a patient for hospice care. Choice C is incorrect because financial constraints are not a determining factor for hospice eligibility, and immobility alone is not sufficient for hospice care. Choice D is incorrect because lacking family support does not determine eligibility for hospice care, and AIDS alone without terminal prognosis may not meet the criteria.
All the following medications are ordered for a mechanically ventilated patient with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and acute renal failure. Which medication should the nurse discuss with the health care provider before administration?
A. IV ranitidine (Zantac) 50 mg IV
B. sucralfate (Carafate) 1 g per nasogastric tube
C. IV gentamicin (Garamycin) 60 mg
D. IV methylprednisolone (Solu-Medrol) 40 mg
Correct answer:
The correct answer is C: IV gentamicin (Garamycin) 60 mg. Gentamicin is a nephrotoxic medication and should be used with caution in patients with acute renal failure, as it can further impair kidney function. Before administering this medication, the nurse should discuss with the healthcare provider to evaluate the risks versus benefits and consider alternative options.
A: IV ranitidine (Zantac) 50 mg IV - This medication is commonly used to reduce gastric acid secretion and is not contraindicated in a patient with ARDS and acute renal failure.
B: sucralfate (Carafate) 1 g per nasogastric tube - Sucralfate is a mucosal protective agent and is not directly related to renal function. It is safe for use in patients with renal failure.
D: IV methylprednisolone (Solu-Medrol) 40 mg - Methylprednisolone is a corticoster
A charge nurse is making assignments for nursing personnel who will be caring for clients during the oncoming shift. Which of the following factors should the charge nurse consider?
A. The complexity of the client's condition
B. The preferences of the assigned nurse
C. The shift schedule of the personnel
D. The availability of unit resources
Correct answer:
The correct answer is A: The complexity of the client's condition. The charge nurse should consider this factor to ensure that each client receives appropriate care based on their individual needs. It is crucial to match the level of expertise and skills of the nursing personnel with the complexity of the client's condition to ensure safe and effective care.
While preferences of the assigned nurse (B) and shift schedules of the personnel (C) are important considerations, they should not take precedence over the client's needs. Assignments should prioritize client safety and quality of care.
The availability of unit resources (D) is also important, but it should not be the primary factor in making assignments. The complexity of the client's condition should guide resource allocation to ensure optimal care delivery.
On the second day after a disaster, a male colleague tells the nurse he has a splitting headache. The nurse notes the colleague is feeling irritable and having difficulty focusing. Which of the following actions should the nurse take in response to the complaint of headache?
A. Explain that the headache and problems focusing are probably the result of worry, so he should concentrate on the work at hand and deal with emotions later.
B. Explain that he is experiencing signs and symptoms of psychological stress and recommend that he take some time off for a break.
C. Explain to the worker that this is a common problem when multitasking under pressure and suggest that he focus on one task at a time.
D. Suspect dehydration and encourage the worker to drink more fluids.
Correct answer:
Symptoms of early stress and burnout include minor tremors, nausea, inability to concentrate, difficulty thinking, and problems with memory. Suppressing feelings of guilt, powerlessness, anger, and other signs of stress eventually will lead to symptoms such as irritability, fatigue, headaches, and distortions of bodily functions. It is normal to experience stress, but it must be addressed. The worst thing anyone can do is to deny that it exists. The American Red Cross recommends that the worker get enough sleep and take time away from the disaster (i.e., take breaks). The colleague should deal with his emotions now and not put them off to deal with later. The symptoms that are described relate to early stress and burnout, thus, not multi-tasking or drinking more water are probably not going to help relieve his symptoms.
A nurse is caring for a client who falls in his room. After the nurse assesses the client, notifies the client's provider, and completes an incident report, which of the following actions should the nurse take?
A. Make a copy of the incident report for the provider.
B. Submit the incident report to the risk manager.
C. Place the incident report in the client's chart.
D. Document in the chart that an incident report has been filed.
Correct answer:
The correct answer is B: Submit the incident report to the risk manager. This is the correct action because the risk manager is responsible for evaluating incidents and implementing measures to prevent future occurrences. Providing the report to the risk manager ensures that the incident is properly reviewed and appropriate actions are taken to prevent similar incidents in the future.
A: Making a copy of the incident report for the provider is unnecessary as the provider has already been notified.
C: Placing the incident report in the client's chart is not the best action as it may not reach the appropriate personnel for review and follow-up.
D: Documenting in the chart that an incident report has been filed does not ensure that the incident will be appropriately reviewed and addressed by the risk management team.
A nurse is providing care for a surgeon on a medical-surgical unit. A nurse from another unit asks the nurse about the surgeon's medical diagnosis. The nurse responds that he is unable to provide the information requested. The nurse is displaying which of the following ethical principles?
A. Utility
B. Paternalism
C. Justice
D. Nonmaleficence
Correct answer:
The correct answer is D: Nonmaleficence. The nurse is demonstrating nonmaleficence by protecting the surgeon's privacy and confidentiality, which is an important ethical principle in healthcare. By not disclosing the surgeon's medical diagnosis without consent, the nurse is preventing harm and upholding the surgeon's right to privacy.
A: Utility - This principle focuses on maximizing benefits for the greater good, which is not relevant in this scenario.
B: Paternalism - This principle involves making decisions in the best interest of the patient without their input, which is not applicable here as the nurse is respecting the surgeon's autonomy.
C: Justice - This principle pertains to fairness and equal treatment, but it is not directly related to the nurse's decision to maintain confidentiality in this situation.
A nurse is caring for a client who is dying of metastatic breast cancer. She has a prescription for an opioid pain medication PRN. The nurse is concerned that administering a dose of pain medication might hasten the client's death. Which of the following ethical principles should the nurse use to support the decision not to administer the medication?
A. Utilitarianism
B. Nonmaleficence
C. Fidelity
D. Veracity
Correct answer:
The correct answer is B: Nonmaleficence. Nonmaleficence is the ethical principle of doing no harm. In this scenario, the nurse should prioritize the principle of nonmaleficence by ensuring that the client's pain is adequately managed to provide comfort without causing harm. Administering pain medication to alleviate suffering does not aim to hasten death but to promote the client's well-being. Utilitarianism (A) focuses on the greatest good for the greatest number, which may not apply in this individualized end-of-life care situation. Fidelity (C) pertains to keeping promises and being faithful, which is not directly relevant to the immediate decision about pain medication administration. Veracity (D) refers to truthfulness, which is important but not the primary ethical principle guiding the decision in this context.
About these LPN exams safety and infection control questions
LPN exams safety and infection control practice questions, set 10 for nursing students in the United States. Fifteen items. Five include answers and rationales in American English.
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