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RN exams clinical judgment practice questions, set 113

RN exams · clinical judgment

RN exams clinical judgment practice questions set 113

You notice cues, form a hypothesis, act, and evaluate — the same loop Next Generation items reward. Five of the 15 questions include the correct answer and rationale. The other ten keep answers in the study hub. Continue with the RN exams exam guide or more RN exams practice questions.

Five clinical judgment questions with answers

Cover the key. Write the first action. Then open the rationale and name why the other choices fail.

Question 1

Which of the following statements is true of osteoarthritis?

  1. A. Jaw and neck are usually affected.
  2. B. Pain and stiffness increase in cold or damp weather.
  3. C. Antibiotics are usually the first type of medication to treat osteoarthritis.
  4. D. Residents will not be able to perform any ADLs if they have osteoarthritis.
Show answer and rationale

Correct answer: B — Pain and stiffness increase in cold or damp weather.

The correct answer is B: Pain and stiffness increase in cold or damp weather. This is true because osteoarthritis is a condition where the cartilage in joints deteriorates, causing pain and stiffness. Cold or damp weather can exacerbate these symptoms due to changes in barometric pressure and temperature affecting joint fluid viscosity. A: Jaw and neck are usually affected - This is incorrect because osteoarthritis commonly affects weight-bearing joints like the knees and hips, not typically the jaw and neck. C: Antibiotics are usually the first type of medication to treat osteoarthritis - This is incorrect because antibiotics are not used to treat osteoarthritis, which is a degenerative joint condition, not an infection. D: Residents will not be able to perform any ADLs if they have osteoarthritis - This is incorrect because with proper management, individuals with osteoarthritis can still perform activities of daily living (ADLs) with modifications and support.

Question 2

Which of the following statements is true of osteoarthritis?

  1. A. Jaw and neck are usually affected.
  2. B. Pain and stiffness increase in cold or damp weather.
  3. C. Antibiotics are usually the first type of medication to treat osteoarthritis.
  4. D. Residents will not be able to perform any ADLs if they have osteoarthritis.
Show answer and rationale

Correct answer: B — Pain and stiffness increase in cold or damp weather.

The correct answer is B: Pain and stiffness increase in cold or damp weather. This is true because osteoarthritis is a condition where the cartilage in joints deteriorates, causing pain and stiffness. Cold or damp weather can exacerbate these symptoms due to changes in barometric pressure and temperature affecting joint fluid viscosity. A: Jaw and neck are usually affected - This is incorrect because osteoarthritis commonly affects weight-bearing joints like the knees and hips, not typically the jaw and neck. C: Antibiotics are usually the first type of medication to treat osteoarthritis - This is incorrect because antibiotics are not used to treat osteoarthritis, which is a degenerative joint condition, not an infection. D: Residents will not be able to perform any ADLs if they have osteoarthritis - This is incorrect because with proper management, individuals with osteoarthritis can still perform activities of daily living (ADLs) with modifications and support.

Question 3

You are on-scene with an adult patient exhibiting unusual activity and appears to be intoxicated. He is anxious and hyperactive. His heart rate and respirations are fast, but his blood pressure remains within normal range for his age. The patient denies alcohol or drug consumption but reports he has diabetes. His blood glucose level is found to be 54 milligrams per deciliter. How would hypoglycemia cause the patient to present with the above findings?

  1. A. The low blood sugar levels stimulate the sympathetic nervous system to trigger the release of epinephrine into the bloodstream to promote liver glycogenolysis
  2. B. Low blood sugar levels mimic alcohol intoxication in the brain because of elevated insulin levels in the bloodstream
  3. C. The elevated heart rate and respirations stimulate the adipose tissue to increase glucose and fatty acid uptake in an attempt to correct the blood glucose level
  4. D. The heart rate and respirations increase in an attempt to promote the natural production and release of glucagon by the alpha cells in the pancreas
Show answer and rationale

Correct answer: A — The low blood sugar levels stimulate the sympathetic nervous system to trigger the release of epinephrine into the bloodstream to promote liver glycogenolysis

The correct answer is A because hypoglycemia triggers a physiological response known as the sympathoadrenal response. When blood sugar levels drop, the sympathetic nervous system is activated, leading to the release of epinephrine from the adrenal glands. Epinephrine promotes liver glycogenolysis, which is the breakdown of stored glycogen into glucose, thereby increasing blood sugar levels. This process helps to counteract the effects of hypoglycemia and provide energy to the body. The other choices are incorrect because: B: Elevated insulin levels would not mimic alcohol intoxication; instead, hypoglycemia causes neuroglycopenic symptoms due to inadequate glucose supply to the brain. C: Adipose tissue does not play a significant role in correcting hypoglycemia through glucose uptake; it is primarily the liver that releases glucose in response to low blood sugar levels. D: Glucagon is released by the pancreas to raise blood sugar levels in response to

Question 4

Your adult hemodialysis patient is in cardiac arrest one hour after completing a dialysis treatment. He is found to be apneic and asystolic with adequate CPR in progress. Which of the following should be administered during the resuscitation attempt?

  1. A. Sodium bicarbonate and magnesium sulfate
  2. B. Amiodarone and magnesium sulfate
  3. C. Sodium bicarbonate and calcium chloride
  4. D. Potassium and dopamine
Show answer and rationale

Correct answer: C — Sodium bicarbonate and calcium chloride

The correct answer is C: Sodium bicarbonate and calcium chloride. During cardiac arrest, the priority is to correct metabolic acidosis and provide adequate calcium for cardiac function. Sodium bicarbonate helps in correcting metabolic acidosis, while calcium chloride supports cardiac contractility. A: Sodium bicarbonate and magnesium sulfate - Magnesium sulfate is not indicated during cardiac arrest, and sodium bicarbonate alone may not address the calcium needs for cardiac function. B: Amiodarone and magnesium sulfate - Amiodarone is used for ventricular arrhythmias, not for asystole, and magnesium sulfate is not the priority in this scenario. D: Potassium and dopamine - Potassium can exacerbate the situation, and dopamine is not recommended as a first-line drug during cardiac arrest. In summary, the correct answer provides the necessary interventions to address metabolic acidosis and support cardiac function during the resuscitation attempt.

Question 5

You are on-scene with an adult patient exhibiting unusual activity and appears to be intoxicated. He is anxious and hyperactive. His heart rate and respirations are fast, but his blood pressure remains within normal range for his age. The patient denies alcohol or drug consumption but reports he has diabetes. His blood glucose level is found to be 54 milligrams per deciliter. How would hypoglycemia cause the patient to present with the above findings?

  1. A. The low blood sugar levels stimulate the sympathetic nervous system to trigger the release of epinephrine into the bloodstream to promote liver glycogenolysis
  2. B. Low blood sugar levels mimic alcohol intoxication in the brain because of elevated insulin levels in the bloodstream
  3. C. The elevated heart rate and respirations stimulate the adipose tissue to increase glucose and fatty acid uptake in an attempt to correct the blood glucose level
  4. D. The heart rate and respirations increase in an attempt to promote the natural production and release of glucagon by the alpha cells in the pancreas
Show answer and rationale

Correct answer: A — The low blood sugar levels stimulate the sympathetic nervous system to trigger the release of epinephrine into the bloodstream to promote liver glycogenolysis

The correct answer is A because hypoglycemia triggers a physiological response known as the sympathoadrenal response. When blood sugar levels drop, the sympathetic nervous system is activated, leading to the release of epinephrine from the adrenal glands. Epinephrine promotes liver glycogenolysis, which is the breakdown of stored glycogen into glucose, thereby increasing blood sugar levels. This process helps to counteract the effects of hypoglycemia and provide energy to the body. The other choices are incorrect because: B: Elevated insulin levels would not mimic alcohol intoxication; instead, hypoglycemia causes neuroglycopenic symptoms due to inadequate glucose supply to the brain. C: Adipose tissue does not play a significant role in correcting hypoglycemia through glucose uptake; it is primarily the liver that releases glucose in response to low blood sugar levels. D: Glucagon is released by the pancreas to raise blood sugar levels in response to

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Question 6

Your adult hemodialysis patient is in cardiac arrest one hour after completing a dialysis treatment. He is found to be apneic and asystolic with adequate CPR in progress. Which of the following should be administered during the resuscitation attempt?

  1. A. Sodium bicarbonate and magnesium sulfate
  2. B. Amiodarone and magnesium sulfate
  3. C. Sodium bicarbonate and calcium chloride
  4. D. Potassium and dopamine
Answer and rationale unlock in the Nursier study hub. Unlock answers

Question 7

The ‘gateway hypothesis’ is used to explain why:

  1. A. some drugs are highly addictive (such as nicotine) and others are minimally addictive (such as LSD)
  2. B. the correlation, but not the causal relationship, between early cannabis use and genetic predisposition to schizophrenia
  3. C. people who are addicted to heroin are likely to have previously used cannabis
  4. D. people who take this class have a higher chance of becoming involved in the formulation of public drug policies
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Question 8

The ‘gateway hypothesis’ is used to explain why:

  1. A. some drugs are highly addictive (such as nicotine) and others are minimally addictive (such as LSD)
  2. B. the correlation, but not the causal relationship, between early cannabis use and genetic predisposition to schizophrenia
  3. C. people who are addicted to heroin are likely to have previously used cannabis
  4. D. people who take this class have a higher chance of becoming involved in the formulation of public drug policies
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Question 9

Fire safety responses at facilities include the following steps:

  1. A. Using dry towels to block all doorways and stop smoke
  2. B. Encouraging residents and visitors to use the elevators during a fire to escape more quickly
  3. C. Standing upright in a room when trying to escape a fire
  4. D. Using a covering over the mouth and nose to prevent smoke inhalation
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Question 10

Fire safety responses at facilities include the following steps:

  1. A. Using dry towels to block all doorways and stop smoke
  2. B. Encouraging residents and visitors to use the elevators during a fire to escape more quickly
  3. C. Standing upright in a room when trying to escape a fire
  4. D. Using a covering over the mouth and nose to prevent smoke inhalation
Answer and rationale unlock in the Nursier study hub. Unlock answers

Question 11

A patient on diuretic therapy calls the clinic because he’s had the flu, with “terrible vomiting and diarrhea,” and he has not kept anything down for 2 days. He feels weak and extremely tired. Which statement by the nurse is correct?

  1. A. “It’s important to try to stay on your prescribed medication. Try to take it with sips of water.”
  2. B. “Stop taking the diuretic for a few days, and then restart it when you feel better.”
  3. C. “You will need an increased dosage of the diuretic because of your illness. Let me speak to the physician.”
  4. D. “Please come into the clinic for an evaluation to make sure there are no complications.”
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Question 12

A patient on diuretic therapy calls the clinic because he’s had the flu, with “terrible vomiting and diarrhea,” and he has not kept anything down for 2 days. He feels weak and extremely tired. Which statement by the nurse is correct?

  1. A. “It’s important to try to stay on your prescribed medication. Try to take it with sips of water.”
  2. B. “Stop taking the diuretic for a few days, and then restart it when you feel better.”
  3. C. “You will need an increased dosage of the diuretic because of your illness. Let me speak to the physician.”
  4. D. “Please come into the clinic for an evaluation to make sure there are no complications.”
Answer and rationale unlock in the Nursier study hub. Unlock answers

Question 13

One of the primary functions of the kidney is to filter blood in order to remove substances that have no useful function in the body. Which of the following is the correct path of blood from the abdominal aorta to the inferior vena cava (IVC)?

  1. A. abdominal aorta – renal arteries – segmental arteries – interlobar arteries – arcuate arteries – interlobular arteries – efferent arteries – glomerulus – afferent arteries – peritubular capillaries – interlobular veins – arcuate veins – interlobar veins – renal veins – inferior vena cava
  2. B. abdominal aorta – renal arteries – interlobar arteries – segmental arteries – arcuate arteries – interlobular arteries – afferent arteries – glomerulus – efferent arteries – peritubular capillaries – interlobular veins – arcuate veins – interlobar veins – renal veins – inferior vena cava
  3. C. abdominal aorta – renal arteries – segmental arteries – interlobar arteries – arcuate arteries – interlobular arteries – afferent arteries – glomerulus – efferent arteries – peritubular capillaries – interlobular veins – arcuate veins – interlobar veins – renal veins – inferior vena cava
  4. D. abdominal aorta – renal arteries – interlobar arteries – interlobular arteries – segmental arteries – arcuate arteries – afferent arteries – glomerulus – efferent arteries – peritubular capillaries – interlobular veins – arcuate veins – interlobar veins – renal veins – inferior vena cava
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Question 14

Which statement best describes Zidovudine: *

  1. A. Zidovudine in combination with other antiretrovirals is an alternative initial treatment for HIV infection.
  2. B. Zidovudine is also used to prevent transmission of HIV from the mother to her
  3. C. Zidovudine is converted by cellular enzymes to an active form, zidovudine diphosphate, which prevents viral DNA from replicating.
  4. D. Peripheral neuropathy is a specic adverse reaction to Zidovudine
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Question 15

The external male genital structures include the:

  1. A. Testis.
  2. B. Scrotum.
  3. C. Epididymis.
  4. D. Vas deferens.
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About these RN exams clinical judgment questions

RN exams clinical judgment practice questions, set 113 for nursing students in the United States. Fifteen items. Five include answers and rationales in American English.

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